Pagbuwag ng Unyong Sobyet

Ang pagbuwag ng Unyong Sobyet ay pormal na isinabatas noong Disyembre 26, 1991, dulot ng Deklarasyon Blg. 142-H ng Sobyet ng mga Republika ng Kataas-taasang Sobyet ng Unyong Sobyet.[1] Kinilala ng deklarasyon ang kasarinlan ng mga dating republikang Sobyet at paglikha ng Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), bagaman lima sa mga lumagda ay kalaunan na lang o hindi na nagratipika nito. Bago ang araw na iyon, ang Pangulo ng Sobyet na si Mikhail Gorbachev, ang ikawalo at huling lider ng Unyong Sobyet, ay nagbitiw, at ipinahayag na hindi na umiiral ang kaniyang tanggapan, at inilipat ang kapangyarihan nito – kasama ng kontrol ng mga kodigo sa paglunsad ng mga sandatang nuclear ng Sobyet – sa Pangulo ng Rusya na si Boris Yeltsin. Nang gabing iyon, sa ganap na 7:32 ng gabi, ibinaba ang watawat ng Sobyet mula sa Kremlin sa huling pagkakataon at pinalitan ng watawat ng Rusya.

Bago ang mga pangyayari, mula Agosto hanggang Disyembre, ang lahat ng mga indibidwal na republika, ay humiwalay na sa unyon. Isang linggo bago pormal na buwagin ang unyon, 11 republika – lahat, maliban sa Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Georgia – ay lumagda sa Alma-Ata Protocol na pormal na nagtatatag ng CIS, at ipinahahayag na hindi na umiiral ang Unyong Sobyet.[2][3] Naging hudyat ng pagtatapós ng Digmaang Malamig ang pagbuwag ng Unyong Sobyet. Ang mga Himagsikan ng 1989 at ang pagbuwag ng Unyong Sobyet ay nagwakas sa ilang dekadang banggaan ng North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) at Warsaw Pact, na siyang nagtatampok sa Digmaang Malamig (bagaman patuloy pa ring nagbabanggaan ang NATO ang Pederasyong Ruso).

Mga sanggunian

  1. ↑ (sa Ruso) Declaration № 142-Н of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union, formally establishing the dissolution of the Soviet Union as a state and subject of international law.
  2. ↑ "The End of the Soviet Union; Text of Declaration: 'Mutual Recognition' and 'an Equal Basis'". New York Times. Disyembre 22, 1991. Nakuha noong Marso 30, 2013.
  3. ↑ "Gorbachev, Last Soviet Leader, Resigns; U.S. Recognizes Republics' Independence". New York Times. Nakuha noong Marso 30, 2013.

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