Pagbabakuna

Isang bata sa India na binabakunahan ng baksin na panlaban sa sakit na polio.

Ang bakuna[1][2] o pagbabakuna ay ang pagbibigay sa isang tao ng isang sustansiyang nakasasanhi ng tugon mula sistemang imyuno. Isang paraan ang sistemang imyuno ng paglaban ng katawan sa mga impeksiyon. Dahil sa tugon ng sistemang imyuno, mas mababa ang pagkakataon na magkaroon ng impeksiyon ang isang tao. Kapag nabantad ang isang tao sa birus o bakteryang nakapagdurulot ng sakit, mapaglalaban ito ng tao at hindi siya magkakaroon ng karamdaman.

Katawagan din sa bakuna ang isang preparasyon o inihandang sustansiyang gawa mula sa isang bakterya o birus na nakapagsasanhi ng sakit. Kapag ibinigay ito sa isang tao, nakapagdurulot ito ng napakahinang impeksiyon mula sa bakterya o birus na pinaggawaan ng bakuna. Nakasasanhi rin ang bakunang ito ng paglikha ng katawan ng mga panlaban (mga antibody sa Ingles) na lumalaban sa mga mikrobyong nagbibigay ng sakit. Ibinibigay ang mga bakuna upang magsilbing proteksiyon o pananggalang laban sa mga karamdamang katulad ng polio at bulutong.[3]

Isa pang katawagan para sa bakuna o pagbabakuna ang imunisasyon, bagaman mayroon silang bahagyang pagkakaiba. Sa bakuna o pagbabakuna, binibigyan ang isang tao ng isang bagay - ang gamot na baksin - na makapagtuturo sa sistemang imyuno para labanan ang isang nakahahawang sakit; samantalang maaaring maganap ang imyunisasyon o imunisasyon mula sa pagkakatanggap ng baksin o mula sa isinagawang pagbabakuna. Subalit maaari ring mangyari ang imunisasyon kapat nagkaroon ng impeksiyon (paglusob ng bakterya at birus sa katawan). Halimbawa, matapos na magkaroon ang isang tao ng hepatitis B at gumaling siya mula sa sakit na ito, hindi na siya muling tatablan ng karamdamang ito (imunisado na ang tao). Maaari ring maging imunisado ang tao kapag nabigyan o tumanggap ang taong ito ng bakuna laban sa hepatitis B.

Kaya may kaunting pagkakaiba ang baksinasyon at imunisasyon, ngunit kapag ginamit ng mga tao ang salitang ito karaniwang iisa lamang ang kanilang pakahulugan: ang imunisasyon ay baksinasyon o bakuna.

Etimolohiya

Unang ginamit ni Louis Pasteur ang terminong "vaccine" (baksin), na hinango naman mula sa Latin para sa baka, ang vacca. Sa isang demonstrasyong maka-agham na may kaugnayan sa birus na nagsasanhi ng bulutong sa baka (cowpox), naipakita na makatutulong sa pagsasanggalang (pagbibigay ng proteksiyon) mula sa mas nakamamatay o kaugnay na birus ang paraan ng pagbibigay sa isang taong ng isang birus (pinahina na o patay nang birus).

Mga sanggunian

  1. ↑ "Bakuna, vaccination". Flavier, Juan M., "Doctor to the Barrios" (New Day Publishers). 1970.
  2. ↑ English, Leo James (1977). "Bakuna, vaccination, baksin, vaccine". Tagalog-English Dictionary (sa wikang Ingles). Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer. ISBN 9710810731.
  3. ↑ "Vaccine, Some Medical Terms, Diseases". The New Book of Knowledge (Ang Bagong Aklat ng Kaalaman), Grolier Incorporated. 1977., pahina 206.

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