Ikalawang Nagkakaisang Prente

Ang Ikalawang Nagkakaisang Prente (Tsinong pinapayak: 第二次国共合作; Tsinong tradisyonal: 第二次國共合作) ay ang alyansa sa pagitan ng Partido Nasyonalista ng Tsina ( Kuomintang, o KMT) at ng Partido Komunista ng Tsina (CCP) upang labanan ang pagsalakay ng mga Hapones noong Ikalawang Digmaang Sino-Hapones, na sinuspinde ang Digmaang Sibil ng Tsina mula 1937 hanggang 1941.

Kalagayan

Noong 1927, gumanti ang mga Komunistang Tsino laban sa Kuomintang kasunod ng pagtataksil sa mga miyembro nito sa Shanghai ng kumander ng Pambansang Rebolusyonaryong Hukbo na si Chiang Kai-shek, na nagmarka ng pagtatapos ng apat na taong alyansa ng KMT sa Unyong Sobyet at ang pakikipagtulungan nito sa PKT sa panahon ng Hilagang Ekspedisyon upang talunin ang mga panginoong hukbo at pag-isahin ang China.[1]

Noong 1931 inilunsad ng mga Hapones ang pagsalakay nito at ang sumunod na pananakop sa Manchuria. Nagpasya si Chiang Kai-shek, na namuno sa sentral na pamahalaan ng Tsina, na dapat iwasan ng Tsina ang todong digmaan sa Hapon dahil sa kaguluhan sa loob ng bansa at dahil sa hindi sapat na paghahanda. Samakatuwid, "ipinagpatuloy niya ang isang diskarte sa pagpapahinahon sa Hapon habang nakikibaka para sa tunay na pambansang pagkakaisa at sa paglipas ng panahon ng sapat na lakas upang harapin ang hukbong Imperial. Ang patakaran sa pagpapahinahon na ito ay tumagal ng isa pang anim na taon".[2] Kahit na ang kainiang mga kampanya laban sa mga Komunista ay nagresulta sa kanilang pag-atras at 90% na pagbawas sa kanilang lakas sa pakikipaglaban, hindi niya nagawang ganap na maalis ang kanilang mga puwersa, at ang kaniyang patakaran ng "panloob na pagpapahinahon bago ang panlabas na pagtutol" ((sa Tsino) :攘外必先安内) ay lubhang hindi patok sa mga mamamayang Tsino, na nagdulot ng malawakang sama ng loob laban sa naghaharing pamunuan ng KMT at mga kaalyado nitong mga panginoong hukbo pangrehiyon.[3]

Pagkaguho at kinalabasan

Pagkatapos ng Ikalawang Digmaang Sino-Hapones, sinubukan nina Chiang Kai Shek at Mao Zedong na makipag-usap sa kapayapaan. Nabigo ang pagsisikap na ito at noong 1946 ang KMT at ang Partido Komunista ng Tsina ay nasangkot sa todong digmaang sibil. Nakuha ng mga Komunista ang mga nasamsam na sandata ng Hukbong Hapones sa Hilagang Silangan - kasama ang pagsang-ayon ng Sobyet - at sinamantala ang pagkakataong sakupin ang humihina nang KMT. Noong Oktubre 1949, itinatag ni Mao Zedong ang Republikang Bayan ng Tsina, habang si Chiang Kai-Shek ay umatras sa isla ng Taiwan.[4]

Mga sanggunian

 

  1. ↑ Wilbur, C. Martin (1983), The nationalist revolution in China, 1923–1928, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31864-8 P.114
  2. ↑ Taylor, Jay (2009). The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the struggle for modern China, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press P.94
  3. ↑ "Archived copy". Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2012-12-07. Nakuha noong 2012-12-07.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  4. ↑ "The Chinese Revolution of 1949". 2007-07-13.

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