↑Elliott (2001), pp. 290–291. harv error: no target: CITEREFElliott2001 (help)
↑Legrand, Jacques. Chronicle of the 20th Century. 1992. Page 155.
↑Turchin, Peter; Adams, Jonathan M.; Hall, Thomas D. (26 Aug 2015). "East-West Orientation of Historical Empires and Modern States". Journal of World-Systems Research. 12 (2): 222. doi:10.5195/jwsr.2006.369. ISSN1076-156X. {{cite journal}}: |access-date= requires |url= (tulong)
↑Cotterell, Arthur. (2007). The Imperial Capitals of China - An Inside View of the Celestial Empire. London: Pimlico. pp. 304 pages. ISBN9781845950095.Elliot, Mark C. (2001). The Manchu Way: The Eight Banners and Ethnic Identity in Late Imperial China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.Paludan, Ann. (1998). Chronicle of the China Emperors. London: Thames & Hudson. pp. 224 pages. ISBN0-500-05090-2.
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