Six degrees of separation

Illustration av hypotesen Six degrees of separation.

Six degrees of separation eller hypotesen om sex handslag[1] är en föreställning om att alla personer i världen kan kopplas samman med maximalt sex bekantskapsled.[2]

Den ungerske författaren Frigyes Karinthy lade fram hypotesen att varje person på planeten kan nå någon annan invånare på jorden på bara sex handslag vilket också betyder att man aldrig är längre bort än sex handslag från vem som helst i världen. Hypotesen kallades "six handshakes" eller "six degrees of separation".[1]

Forskning

Idén presenterades ursprungligen 1929 av Frigyes Karinthy[3] och på 1950-talet försökte Ithiel de Sola Pool (MIT) och Manfred Kochen (IBM) utan framgång hitta en matematisk lösning som bevisar hypotesen.[4][5] Hypotesen blev känd 1967 efter att Stanley Milgram utförde världen är liten-experimentet.[2] Den amerikanska forskaren Judith Kleinfeld hävdade 2002 att Stanley Milgrams bevisning är knapphändig[6] och ska ur ett akademiskt perspektiv bättre beskrivas som en myt.[5]

Forskaren Duncan Watts visade 2001 att typiska avståndsled är i storleksordningen fem till sju,[7] och i genomsnitt sex.[4] Microsoft beräknade 2008 att den genomsnittliga kedjelängden mellan dess användare av Windows Messenger var 6,6.[8][4] För Twitter var 2010 det genomsnittliga avståndet mellan deras användare 4,67 och 96% av dess användare fanns inom sex steg.[9] Forskning gjord 2011 av Facebook visar att det genomsnittliga avståndet mellan deras användare är 4,57 led.[10][2]

Six degrees i populärkulturen

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ [a b] Från kursen "Algorithms on Graphs" av University of California, San Diego
  2. ^ [a b c] ”sex leds avstånd”. IT-ord. https://it-ord.idg.se/ord/sex-leds-avstand/. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  3. ^ ”Six Degrees of Separation” (på engelska). Oxford Math Center. Arkiverad från originalet den 22 januari 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180122181604/http://www.oxfordmathcenter.com/drupal7/node/655. Läst 22 januari 2018. 
  4. ^ [a b c] ”six degrees of separation” (på engelska). WhatIs.com. http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/six-degrees-of-separation. Läst 22 januari 2018. 
  5. ^ [a b] ”Six Degrees: Urban Myth?” (på engelska). Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/200203/six-degrees-urban-myth. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  6. ^ [a b c] ”If Osama's Only 6 Degrees Away, Why Can't We Find Him?” (på engelska). Dircover. http://discovermagazine.com/2008/feb/if-osamas-only-6-degrees-away-why-cant-we-find-him. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  7. ^ ”An Experimental Study of Search in Global Social Networks” (på engelska). Duncan Watts. https://disco.ethz.ch/courses/fs10/seminar/paper/michael-6.pdf. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  8. ^ ”Proof! Just six degrees of separation between us” (på engelska). Guardian News. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2008/aug/03/internet.email. Läst 22 januari 2018. 
  9. ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20160811162239/https://sysomos.com/inside-twitter/twitter-friendship-data ”Twitter Friendship Data Six Degrees of Separation, Twitter Style”] (på engelska). sysomos. Arkiverad från originalet den 11 augusti 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160811162239/https://sysomos.com/inside-twitter/twitter-friendship-data. Läst 22 januari 2018. 
  10. ^ ”Three and a half degrees of separation” (på engelska). Facebook. https://research.fb.com/three-and-a-half-degrees-of-separation/. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  11. ^ ”Then and now: a history of social networking sites / May 1997: Six Degrees” (på engelska). CBS News. https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/then-and-now-a-history-of-social-networking-sites/2/. Läst 20 januari 2018. 
  12. ^ ”Ett oväntat besök (1993)” (på engelska). IMDb. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108149/. Läst 20 januari 2018. 

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