Den medeltida värmeperioden var en period på medeltiden mellan ungefär år 950 och 1250 då medeltemperaturen åtminstone i Europa[1], på Grönland[2], i Japan[3], i Kina[4], i Sibirien[5] och på Nya Zeeland[6] var högre än historiskt. Begreppet infördes 1965 av den brittiske klimatforskaren Hubert Horace Lamb (1913–1997)[7], som uppskattade att temperaturen 1100–1200 e.Kr. varit 1–2 °C varmare än årsmedeltemperaturen 1931–1960. Lambs resultat gällde dock endast västra Europa. I den nyare forskningen är det omdiskuterat huruvida den medeltida värmeperioden var global och hur temperaturen var i förhållande till dagens.
Många studier har visat att temperaturen varierade i olika regioner och att skillnaden i global temperatur var mycket liten (och något kallare) jämfört med nu.[8] Andra studier har istället visat att den medeltida värmperioden hade temperaturer som var högre än dagens.[9] Kunskapen om en eventuell medeltida värmeperiod på södra halvklotet är fortfarande mycket bristfällig. Flera nyare studier antyder dock att en medeltida värmperiod även förekom på södra halvklotet.[10]
Den medeltida värmeperioden följdes av Lilla istiden cirka 1350–1860 som var den kallaste klimatperioden sedan senaste istidens slut. I västra Nordamerika tycks den Lilla istiden först ha tagit slut omkring 1920.
Referenser
^Linderholm, H.W. and Gunnarson, B.E. 2005. Summer temperature variability in central Scandinavia during the last 3600 years. Geografiska Annaler87A: 231-241; Grudd, Håkan. 2006. Tree Rings as Sensitive Proxies of Past Climate, Dissertations from the Department of Physical Geography and Quaternary Geology. Stockholm; Change Mangini, A., Spotl, C. and Verdes, P. 2005. Reconstruction of temperature in the Central Alps during the past 2000 yr from a δ18O stalagmite record. Earth and Planetary Science Letters235: 741-751.; Abrantes, F., Lebreiro, S., Rodrigues, T., Gil, I., Bartels-Jónsdóttir, H., Oliveira, P., Kissel, C. and Grimalt, J.O. 2005. Shallow-marine sediment cores record climate variability and earthquake activity off Lisbon (Portugal) for the last 2000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews24: 2477-2494; Martinez-Cortizas, A., Pontevedra-Pombal, X., Garcia-Rodeja, E., Novoa-Muñoz, J.C. and Shotyk, W. 1999. Mercury in a Spanish peat bog: Archive of climate change and atmospheric metal deposition. Science284: 939-942.
^Dahl-Jensen, D. Mosegaard, K., Gundestrup, N., Clow, G. D., Johnsen, S. J., Hansen, A. W. & Balling, N., Past Temperatures Directly from the Greenland Ice Sheet, Science282 (1998): 268–271; Jensen, Karin G., Kuijpers, Antoon, Nalân Koç & Heinemeier, Jan, Diatom evidence of hydrografhic changes and ice conditions in Igaliku Fjord, South Greenland, during the past 1500 years, The Holocene14(2) (2004): 152–164; Kaplan, Michael R., Wolfe, Alexander P. & Miller, Gifford H., Holocene Environmental Variability in South-ern Greenland Inferred from Lake Sediments, Quaternary Research58 (2002): 149–159; Lassen, Susanne J., Kuijpers, Antoon, Kunzendorf, Helmar, Hoffmann-Wieck, Gerd, Mikkelsen, Naja & Kon-radi, Peter, Late-Holocene Atlantic bottom-water variability in Igaliku Fjord, South Greenland, recon-structed from foraminifera faunas, The Holocene14 (2004): 165–171; Roncaglia, Lucia & Kuijpers, Antoon, Palynofacies analysis and organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in late-Holocene sediments from Igaliku Fjord, South Greenland, The Holocene14 (2004): 172–184.
^Goto, S., Hamamoto, H. and Yamano, M. 2005. Climatic and environmental changes at southeastern coast of Lake Biwa over past 3000 years, inferred from borehole temperature data. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors152: 314-325.
^Ji, J., Shen, J., Balsam, W., Chen, J., Liu, L. and Liu, X. 2005. Asian monsoon oscillations in the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau since the late glacial as interpreted from visible reflectance of Qinghai Lake sediments. Earth and Planetary Science Letters233: 61-70; Chu, G., Liu, J., Sun, Q., Lu, H., Gu, Z., Wang, W. and Liu, T. 2002. The 'Mediaeval Warm Period' drought recorded in Lake Huguangyan, tropical South China. The Holocene12: 511-516; Qian, W. and Zhu, Y. 2002. Little Ice Age climate near Beijing, China, inferred from historical and stalagmite records. Quaternary Research57: 109-119
^Mackay, A.W., Ryves, D.B., Battarbee, R.W., Flower, R.J., Jewson, D., Rioual, P. and Sturm, M. 2005. 1000 years of climate variability in central Asia: assessing the evidence using Lake Baikal (Russia) diatom assemblages and the application of a diatom-inferred model of snow cover on the lake. Global and Planetary Change46: 281-297;
^Wilson, A.T., Hendy, C.H. and Reynolds, C.P. 1979. Short-term climate change and New Zealand temperatures during the last millennium. Nature279: 315-317; Williams, P.W., King, D.N.T., Zhao, J.-X. and Collerson, K.D. 2004. Speleothem master chronologies: combined Holocene 18O and 13C records from the North Island of New Zealand and their palaeoenvironmental interpretation. The Holocene14: 194-208.
^H. H. Lamb, Palaeogr. Palaeoclimatol. Palaeoecol.1, 13 (1965).
^R. S. Bradley, M. K. Hughes och H. F. Diaz, Science302, 404-405 (2003).
^D'Arrigo, R., Wilson, R. and Jacoby, G. 2006. On the long-term context for late twentieth century warming. Journal of Geophysical Research111:10.
^Thompson, L.G., Mosley-Thompson, E., Davis, M.E., Lin, P.-N., Henderson, K. and Mashiotta, T.A. 2003. Tropical glacier and ice core evidence of climate change on annual to millennial time scales. Climatic Change59: 137-155; Rein B., Luckge, A. and Sirocko, F. 2004. A major Holocene ENSO anomaly during the Medieval period, Geophysical Research Letters31:10; Holmgren, K., Tyson, P.D., Moberg, A. and Svanered, O. 2001. A preliminary 3000-year regional temperature reconstruction for South Africa. South African Journal of Science97: 49-51.