Lilla magellanska molnet

Lilla magellanska molnet
Lilla magellanska molnet
Observationsdata
StjärnbildTukanen
Typoregelbunden dvärggalax
Skenbar magnitud2,7[1]
Andra beteckningar
NGC 292, PGC 3085
Se även: Galaxer, Lista över galaxer

Lilla magellanska molnet är en dvärggalax.[2] Den klassas som oregelbunden galax.

Vissa tror att Lilla magellanska molnet tidigare var en stavgalax som stördes av Vintergatan, och blev en oregelbunden galax.[3]

Observationshistorik

Panoramavy från ESO:s VLT. Galaxerna syns till vänster.

På södra halvklotet var Magellanska molnen kända bland urinvånare, inklusive söderhavsöbor samt Australiens aboriginer. Persiske astronomen Al Sufi kallade Stora magellanska molnet för "Al Bakr", ("Vita oxen"). Europeiska sjömän skall först ha noterat dem under Medeltiden då de använde dem i sin navigering. Portugisiska och nederländska sjömän kallade dem "Kapmolnen", ett namn som kvarstod i flera sekler. När Ferdinand Magellan åren 1519-1522 var ute på jordenruntsegling, beskrevs det av Antonio Pigafetta som en "dunkel stjärnsamling".[4] I Johann Bayers stjärnatlas Uranometria, utgiven 1603, kallade han Lilla magellanska molnet "Nubecula Minor".[5] På latin betyder "Nubecula" litet moln.[6]

Mellan 1834 och 1838 studerade John Frederick William Herschel södra halvklotets stjärnhimmel från Royal Observatory vid Godahoppsudden. Då han studerade Lilla magellanska molnet, beskrev han det som en "molning ljusmassa i oval skepnad, och ett ljust centrum". Inom Lilla magellanska molnets området katalogiserade han 37 nebulosor och stjärnhopar.[7]

1891 öppnade Harvard College Observatory en station vid Arequipa i Peru. Åren 1893-1906, under Solon Baileys ledning, användes 610-millimetersteleskopet för att studera Magellanska molnen.[8] Henrietta Swan Leavitt, astronom vid Harvard College Observatory, använde fotografierna från Arequipa för att studera stjärnornas ljusstyrka. 1908 publicerades hennes studier, som visade en typ av variabel stjärna som kallades "variabel hop", senare en cepheid efter prototypstjärnan Delta Cephei. Studierna visade ett samband mellan den variabla perioden, och stjärnans ljusstyrka.[9]

Källor

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia, 8 november 2013.

Fotnoter

  1. ^ ”Tucana Constellation” (på engelska). http://www.constellation-guide.com/constellation-list/Tucana-constellation/. Läst 12 september 2014. 
  2. ^ Bonnell, Jerry (17 juni 2006). ”APOD: 2005 June 17 - The Small Cloud of Magellan”. NASA. http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050617.html. Läst 7 juli 2008. 
  3. ^ Staff. ”Small magellanic Cloud”. NASA/IPAC. Arkiverad från originalet den 7 november 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151107043237/http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/multiwavelength_astronomy/multiwavelength_museum/smc.html. Läst 7 juli 2008. 
  4. ^ Westerlund, Bengt E. (1997). The Magellanic Clouds. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-48070-1 
  5. ^ O'Meara, Stephen James (2002). The Caldwell Objects. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-82796-5 
  6. ^ Lewis, Charlton Thomas; Kingery, Hugh Macmaster (1918). An elementary Latin dictionary. American Book Company. ISBN 0-19-910205-8 
  7. ^ Herschel, John Frederick William (1849). Outlines of Astronomy. Philadelphia: Lea & Blanchard. ISBN 0-665-18744-0 
  8. ^ Longair, Malcolm S. (2006). The Cosmic Century: A History of Astrophysics and Cosmology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-47436-1 
  9. ^ ”1777 variables in the Magellanic Clouds”. Annals of Harvard College Observatory 60: sid. 87–108. 1908. Bibcode: 1908AnHar..60...87L. 

Externa länkar

v • r
Lilla magellanska molnet
Öppna stjärnhopar
NGC 152 · NGC 176 · NGC 220 · NGC 222 · NGC 231 · NGC 241 · NGC 256 · NGC 265 · NGC 267 · NGC 269 · NGC 290 · NGC 294 · NGC 299 · NGC 306 · NGC 339 · NGC 346 · NGC 361 · NGC 371 · NGC 376 · NGC 395 · NGC 411 · NGC 416 · NGC 422 · NGC 458 · NGC 460 · NGC 465 · NGC 602
Klotformiga stjärnhopar
Nebulosor
Stjärnor
v • r
Lokala galaxhopen
Auktoritetsdata

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