Jordan

För andra betydelser, se Jordan (olika betydelser).
Jordan
نهر الأردن ,נהר הירדן
Flod
Jordanfloden
Jordanfloden
Länder Jordanien Jordanien, Israel Israel, Syrien Syrien, Palestina (stat) Palestina
Bifloder
 - vänster Yarmuk, Jabbok
Källa Sammanflödet mellan Banias, Dan och Hasbani
 - höjdläge 80 m ö.h.
 - koordinater 33°11′12″N 35°33′30″Ö / 33.18667°N 35.55833°Ö / 33.18667; 35.55833
Mynning
 - läge Döda havet
 - höjdläge −412 m ö.h.
 - koordinater 31°45′41″N 35°33′30″Ö / 31.76139°N 35.55833°Ö / 31.76139; 35.55833
Längd 350 km
Vattenföring
 - medel 6 m³/s
Geonames 294624
Karta över flodens sträckning
Karta över flodens sträckning
Karta över flodens sträckning

Jordan (hebreiska: נהר הירדן, nehar hayarden; arabiska: نهر الأردن, nahr al-urdun) är en flod i Mellanöstern.[1] Den utgör gränsen mellan Jordanien i öster och staten Israel och Västbanken i väster.

Geografi

Jordan är cirka 350 kilometer lång och mynnar ut i Döda havet.[1] Det är Mellanösterns tredje största permanenta flod.

Flodens fyra huvudsakliga tillflöden är:

  1. Hasbani (hebreiska: שניר, senir; arabiska: الحاصباني, hasbani), som börjar i Libanon.
  2. Banias (hebreiska: חרמון, hermon; arabiska: بانياس, bananias), som har sitt ursprung i källor i karstlandskapen vid berget Hermons fot.
  3. Dan (hebreiska: ,דן dan; arabiska: اللدان, leddan) som också har sitt ursprung vid foten av Hermon.
  4. Ayoun (hebreiska: עיון, ayoun; arabiska: ,عيون ayoun), som börjar i Libanon.

De fyra floderna går samman i norra Israel, nära kibbutzen Sede Nehemya. Floden rinner vidare genom Huladalen, strax under havsnivån, och fortsätter sedan söderut till Gennesaretsjön i Galileen (209 meter under havsytan).[1] Efter Gennesaretsjön saktar floden ner och börjar meandra. Två floder kommer österifrån och ansluter till Jordan, nämligen Yarmuk och Jabbok. Efter att ha runnit genom Jordandalen når floden slutligen Döda havet, cirka 412 meter under havsnivån.[1]

Flodens betydelse för människa och miljö

Jordanfloden är regionens viktigaste sötvattenstag. Då de nedre delarna av floden är relativt salta har man byggt anläggningar för avsaltning. Större delarna av Jordans övre flöde avleds dock genom pumpning från Gennesaretsjön till Israels torrare delar i sydväst, via en kanal. Floden har en stor betydelse för energiförsörjning, bevattning och fiskodling samt industri och hushåll i Israel.[1]

Jordans religiösa betydelse

Tanach

Torahn beskriver Jordan som källan till fruktsamhet för en stor slätt, Kikkar ha-Yarden, som på grund av sin frodighet ansågs vara Guds trädgård.

Bibeln

Johannes Döparens kyrka, alldeles intill Jordan.

Jakob korsade Jordan och Jabbok på vägen till Haran i Första Mosebok. Vattnet ansågs helande och Jesus döptes därför i floden av Johannes Döparen.[1]

Referenser

  1. ^ [a b c d e f] ”Jordan - Uppslagsverk - NE.se”. www.ne.se. https://www.ne.se/uppslagsverk/encyklopedi/l%C3%A5ng/jordan. Läst 20 februari 2021. 

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