Grundämnenas elektriska egenskaper

Huvudartiklar: Elektrisk konduktivitet och Elektrisk resistivitet

Detta är en tabell över grundämnenas elektriska egenskaper, vilken inkluderar elektrisk typ, konduktivitet och resistivitet för olika temperaturer.

Z T Grundämne Elektrisk typ[1] Konduktivitet (A/Vm) Resistivitet (nΩm)
293 K (20 °C)[a] 80 K (−193 °C) 273 K (0 °C) 293 K (20 °C)[a] 298 K (25 °C) 300 K (27 °C) 500 K (227 °C)
1 H Väte
—
2 He Helium
—
3 Li Litium Ledare 10,6 × 106 10,0 85,3 92,8 94,7 95,5
4 Be Beryllium Ledare 31,3 × 106 0,75 30,2 35,6 37,0 37,6 99
5 B Bor Isolator 1,0 × 10−4 0,00015
6 C Kol (grafit) Ledare 0,1 × 106 0,8
6 C Kol (diamant) Isolator 0,001 1375
7 N Kväve
—
8 O Syre
—
9 F Fluor
—
10 Ne Neon
—
11 Na Natrium Ledare 2,1 × 106 8,0 43,3 47,7 48,8 49,3
12 Mg Magnesium Ledare 22,7 × 106 5,57 40,5 43,9 44,8 45,1 78,6
13 Al Aluminium Ledare 37,7 × 106 2,45 24,17 26,50 27,09 27,33 49,9
14 Si Kisel Halvledare 4,35 × 10−4 105
15 P Fosfor Isolator 1 × 10−9 10
16 S Svavel Isolator 1 × 10−15 2 × 1015
17 Cl Klor Isolator 0,01 > 10
18 Ar Argon
—
19 K Kalium Ledare 14,3 × 106 13,4 64,9 72,0 73,9 74,7
20 Ca Kalcium Ledare 29,4 × 106[2] 6,5 31,1 33,6 34,2 34,5 60
21 Sc Skandium[b] Ledare 1,81 × 106 56,2
22 Ti Titan Ledare 2,5 × 106 390 420
23 V Vanadin Ledare 5 × 106 24,1 181 197 201 202 348
24 Cr Krom Ledare 7,87 × 106 118 125 126 127 201
25 Mn Mangan Ledare 0,694 × 106 1320 1430 1440 1440 1440 1490
26 Fe Järn Ledare 10 × 106 6,93 85,7 96,1 98,7 99,8 237
27 Co Kobolt Ledare 16,7 × 106 56 62,4
28 Ni Nickel Ledare 13,9 × 106 5,45 61,6 69,3 71,2 72,0 177
29 Cu Koppar Ledare 58,1 × 106 2,15 15,43 16,78 17,12 17,25 30,90
30 Zn Zink Ledare 16,7 × 106 11,5 54,6 59,0 60,1 60,6 108,2
31 Ga Gallium Ledare 7,14 × 106 13,6
32 Ge Germanium Halvledare 2,1 53000
33 As Arsenik Ledare 3,03 × 106 333
34 Se Selen
—
35 Br Brom Isolator 7,8 × 1010
36 Kr Krypton
—
37 Rb Rubidium Ledare 7,52 × 106 26,5 115 128 131 133
38 Sr Strontium Ledare 7,41 × 106 36,4 123 132 134 135 222
39 Y Yttrium[b] Ledare 1,66 × 106 596
40 Zr Zirkonium Ledare 2,36 × 106 66,4 388 421 429 433 765
41 Nb Niob Ledare 6,58 × 106 152
42 Mo Molybden Ledare 18,2 × 106 4,82 48,5 53,4 54,7 55,2 106
43 Tc Teknetium Ledare 4,54 × 106 20
44 Ru Rutenium Ledare 14,1 × 106 71
45 Rh Rodium Ledare 23,3 × 106 43,3
46 Pd Palladium Ledare 9,26 × 106 17,5 97,8 105,4 107,3 108,0 179,4
47 Ag Silver Ledare 61,35 × 106 2,89 14,67 15,87 16,17 16,29 28,7
48 Cd Kadmium Ledare 14,3 × 106 68
49 In Indium Ledare 12,5 × 106 80 83,7
50 Sn Tenn Ledare 8,69 × 106 115
51 Sb Antimon Ledare 2,5 × 106 390 417
52 Te Tellur Halvledare 104 (5,8–33) × 103
53 I Jod Isolator 1,3 × 107
54 Xe Xenon
—
55 Cs Cesium Ledare 4,76 × 106 41,6 187 205 208 210
56 Ba Barium Ledare 2,94 × 106 68,3 302 332 340 343 724
57 La Lantan[b] Ledare 1,626 × 106 615
58 Ce Cerium[c] Ledare 1,35 × 106 828
58 Ce Cerium[d] Ledare 744
59 Pr Praseodym[b] Ledare 1,43 × 106 700
60 Nd Neodym[b] Ledare 1,56 × 106 643
61 Pm Prometium Ledare 1,33 × 106 750
62 Sm Samarium[b] Ledare 1,06 × 106 940
63 Eu Europium[e] Ledare 1,11 × 106 900
64 Gd Gadolinium[b] Ledare 0,763 × 106 1310
65 Tb Terbium[b] Ledare 0,870 × 106 1150
66 Dy Dysprosium[b] Ledare 1,08 × 106 926
67 Ho Holmium[e] Ledare 1,23 × 106 814
68 Er Erbium[e] Ledare 1,16 × 106 860
69 Tm Tulium[e] Ledare 1,477 × 106 676
70 Yb Ytterbium[f] Ledare 4,0 × 106 250
71 Lu Lutetium[e] Ledare 1,72 × 106 582
72 Hf Hafnium Ledare 3,12 × 106 67,5 304 331 337 340 631
73 Ta Tantal Ledare 7,61 × 106 26,2 122 131 134 135 229
74 W Volfram Ledare 18,52 × 106 6,06 48,2 52,8 53,9 54,4 103
75 Re Rhenium Ledare 5,56 × 106 172 193
76 Os Osmium Ledare 10,9 × 106 81,2
77 Ir Iridium Ledare 19,7 × 106 47 47,1
78 Pt Platina Ledare 9,43 × 106 19,22 96 105 107 108 183
79 Au Guld Ledare 45,5 × 106 4,81 20,51 22,14 22,55 22,71 39,7
80 Hg Kvicksilver Ledare 1,04 × 106 961
81 Tl Tallium Ledare 6,67 × 106 150 180
82 Pb Bly Ledare 4,76 × 106 49 192 208 211 213 383
83 Bi Vismut Ledare 0,769 × 106 1070 1290
84 Po Polonium Ledare 2,5 × 106 400
85 At Astat
—
86 Rn Radon
—
87 Fr Francium
—
88 Ra Radium Ledare 1 × 106 1000
89 Ac Aktinium
—
90 Th Torium Ledare 6,67 × 106 147
91 Pa Protaktinium Ledare 5,56 × 106 177
92 U Uran Ledare 3,24 × 106[3] 280
93 Np Neptunium Ledare 0,82 1220
94 Pu Plutonium Ledare 0,68 × 106 1460

Kommentarer

  1. ^ [a b] Standardtryck och -temperatur (STP)
  2. ^ [a b c d e f g h i] Alfa, polykristallin.
  3. ^ Beta, hexagonal.
  4. ^ Gamma, kubisk.
  5. ^ [a b c d e] Polykristallin.
  6. ^ Beta, polykristallin.

Referenser

Noter

  1. ^ ”Electrical Type of the elements” (på engelska). periodictable.com. http://periodictable.com/Properties/A/ElectricalType.an.html. Läst 5 mars 2016. 
  2. ^ Chi, T.C.: "Electrical Resistivity of Alkaline Earth Elements", sid. 470, ”Arkiverade kopian”. Arkiverad från originalet den 24 februari 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140224154950/http://www.nist.gov/data/PDFfiles/jpcrd139.pdf. Läst 5 mars 2016. 
  3. ^ Harry H. Binder: Lexikon der chemischen Elemente, S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3, S. 674–682.

Källor

  • G.W.C. Kaye och T. H. Laby i Tables of physical och chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
  • A.M. James och M.P. Lord i Macmillan's Chemical och Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.
  • D.R. Lide, (ed) i Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry och physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
  • J.A. Dean (ed) i Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14:e utgåvan, 1992.
  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 12, Properties of Solids; Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals.
  • David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry och Physics, 84th Edition. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 4, Properties of the Elements och Inorganic Compounds; Physical Properties of the Rare Earth Metals.
  • Beaudry, B. J. och Gschneidner, K.A., Jr., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 173.
  • McEwen, K.A., i Handbook on the Physics och Chemistry of Rare Earths, Vol. 1, Gschneidner, K.A., Jr. och Eyring, L., Eds., North-Holland Physics, Amsterdam, 1978, 411.
  • J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15:e utgåvan), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 4, Table 4,1 Electronic Configuration och Properties of the Elements.
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Grundämnesegenskaper
Periodiska systemet · Datareferenser
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