Giovanni Battista Sammartini

Giovanni Battista Sammartini, född 1700 eller 1701 i Milano, död där 15 januari 1775, var en italiensk kompositör, organist och musiklärare. Han fick sina första musiklektioner av fadern, oboeisten Alexis Saint-Martin och skrev sitt första verk 1725. Strax därefter blev han utnämnd till kapellmästare i Sant'Ambrogio, en tjänst som han behöll till sin död, samt 1728 till Congregazione del Santissimo Entierro. Sammartini blev snabbt känd som kompositör av kyrkomusik och hade uppnått berömmelse utanför Italien på 1730-talet. Sammartini reste aldrig långt från Milano, men kom i kontakt med berömda kompositörer som Johann Christian Bach, Luigi Boccherini, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart och Christoph Willibald Gluck. Gluck blev också hans elev åren 1737-1741. Sammartini är idag mest känd för sin del i utvecklingen av symfonin. Hans symfonier var snarare influerade av triosonatan och konsertformen än av den italienska ouvertyren. Sammartinis musik delas oftast in i tre stilistiska perioder:den tidiga perioden (1724-1739) som blandar barockmusik med den förklassiska stilen (den galanta stilen), mellanperioden (1740-1758) då han komponerar helt i den förklassiska stilen, samt den sena perioden (1759-1774) som visar influenser från wienklassicismen. Sammartini brukar ofta blandas ihop med sin bror Giuseppe. G. B. Sammartinis verk har katalogiserats med versalerna J-C och verknummer.

Verk i urval

  • 68 symfonier
  • Ett tiotal konserter för flöjt, violin och cello.
  • 21 flöjt- och stråkkvartetter
  • 8 stråkkvintetter
  • Cirka 200 stråktrios
  • Över 50 sonater för klaver, flöjt, violin och cello.
  • 3 Operor
    • Memet (1732)
    • L'ambizione superata dalla virtù (1734)
    • L'Agrippina, moglie di Tiberio (1743)
  • 1 Oratorium
  • 8 kantater

Källor

  • Cattoretti, Anna, ed., Giovanni Battista Sammartini and his musical environment, Brepols, Turnhout, 2004. ISBN 2-503-51233-X.
  • Churgin, Bathia and Jenkins, Newell. Thematic Catalog of the Works of Giovanni Sammartini: Orchestral and Vocal Music. Cambridge: published for the American Musicological Society by Harvard University Press, 1976. ISBN 0-674-87735-7.
  • Stedman, Preston. The Symphony. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall 1992.

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