Gaia (rymdteleskop)

Allmän information
Gaia
Gaia
Status	Aktiv
Organisation	ESA
NSSDC ID	2013-074A^[1]
Uppdragets varaktighet	5 år
Uppskjutning
Uppskjutningsplats	Centre Spatial Guyanais ELS
Uppskjutning	19 december 2013, 09:12:14 UTC
Uppskjutningsfarkost	Sojuz ST-B
Omloppsbana
Läge	Solen - Jorden L₂
Omloppstid	180 dagar
Apogeum	707 000 km
Perigeum	263 000 km
Rymdteleskopets egenskaper
Diameter	1,45 m × 0,5 m
Ljussamlande yta	0,7 m²

Gaia är ett rymdteleskop som utför astrometri. Den är en uppföljning av Hipparcos-sonden. Den sköts upp av ESA 19 december 2013 och kretsar i en Lissajous-bana runt den andra lagrangepunkten i sol-jord-systemet.

Gaia skall under tiden 2014-2019 göra observationer som gör det möjligt att sammanställa en katalog med data för ungefär ettusen miljoner (en miljard) stjärnor, ner till apparent magnitud +20. Den förväntas också upptäcka tusentals exoplaneter. Målsättningarna är:

astrometriska mätningar, dvs bestämning av position, parallax och egenrörelse med en noggrannhet på 20 µas (mikrobågsekunder) för stjärnor med magnitud +15 eller ljusstarkare, och 200 µas vid magnitud +20.
Fotometriska observationer, för att bestämma stjärnornas ljusstyrkor och färger, inklusive eventuella variationer.
Mätning av radialhastigheter, för att kunna beskriva stjärnrörelser i tre dimensioner.

Liksom för Hipparcos är stegen från rådata till slutdata extremt beräkningskrävande, och en slutlig katalog kommer inte att finnas tillgänglig förrän efter 2020. För varje stjärna får man dels extremt precisa astrometriska data, dels detaljerade fysikaliska egenskaper (luminositet, temperatur, kemisk sammansättning). Det övergripande vetenskapliga målet med Gaia är att studera Vintergatans uppbyggnad och dynamik, och därigenom bättre kunna förstå dess ursprung och utveckling. Med en 5-årig tidsbas kan Gaia upptäcka många intressanta exoplaneter med långa omloppstider, och den extrema astrometriska precisionen kommer att ge motsvarande precisa banor för ett stort antal (mindre) kroppar i solsystemet. Även en del ljusstarka stjärnor i närbelägna galaxer utanför Vintergatan kommer att observeras, liksom avlägsna kvasarer. Dessa senare tjänar som referenspunkter, eftersom deras egenrörelser i genomsnitt måste vara noll.

Källor

ESA - GAIA

Fotnoter

^ ”NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive” (på engelska). NASA. https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2013-074A. Läst 29 mars 2020.

Externa länkar

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Aktiva	AGILE • AMS-02 • ASO-S • Chandra • CHEOPS • Euclid • Fermi • Gaia • Hinode (Solar-B) • HiRISE • Hisaki (Sprint-A) • Hubble • INTEGRAL • IBEX • IRIS • James Webb • MAXI • MOST • NEOSSat • NuSTAR • Odin • PAMELA • R/HESSI • SDO • SOHO • SOLAR • Spektr-R • Spitzer • Suzaku (Astro-EII) • Swift • TESS • TUGSAT-1 & UniBRITE-1 • WISE • XMM-Newton

Planerade	ATHENA • Astro-H • Astrosat • Nano-JASMINE • Spektr-RG • HXMT • NICER • Spektr-UV • Solar-C • Public Telescope (PST) • Astro-1 Telescope • Space Solar Telescope • PLATO • LISA • Roman

Föreslagna	ATLAST • EXCEDE • Fresnel Imager • FINESSE • FOCAL • Hypertelescope • LiteBIRD • New Worlds Mission • NRO donation to NASA • Solar-D • THEIA • WISH • EUSO

Avslutade	Akari (Astro-F) • ALEXIS • ATM • ASCA (Astro-D) • Astro-1 (BBXRT • HUT) • Astro-2 (HUT) • Astron • ANS • BeppoSAX • CHIPSat • Compton (CGRO) • COROT • Cos-B • COBE • EPOCh • EPOXI • EXOSAT • EUVE • FUSE • GALEX • Gamma • Ginga (Astro-C) • Granat • Hakucho (CORSA-ｂ) • HALCA (MUSES-B) • HEAO-1 • Herschel • Hinotori (Astro-A) • HEAO-2 (Einstein Obs.) • HEAO-3 • HETE-2 • Hipparcos • IUE • IRAS • ISO • IRTS • IXAE • Kepler • LISA Pathfinder • Kristall • Kvant-1 • LEGRI • MSX • OAO-2 • OAO-3 (Copernicus) • Orion 1/2 • Planck • RELIKT-1 • ROSAT • Rossi X-ray (RXTE) • SAMPEX • SAS-B • SAS-C • SWAS • Taiyo • Tenma (Astro-B) • TRACE • Uhuru • WMAP • Yokoh (Solar-A)

Förlorade	OAO-1/OAO-B • CORSA • ABRIXAS • HETE • WIRE • ASTRO-E

Avslagna	Astro-G • Constellation-X • Darwin • Destiny • EChO • Eddington • FAME • GEMS • IXO • JDEM • LOFT • TAUVEX • SIM & SIMlite • SPICA • SNAP • TPF • XEUS

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