Zlatni standard

Zlatni standard postoji kada monetarne vlasti^[1] imaju dovoljno zlatnih rezervi^[2] da pretvore u zlato sav novac stavljen u opticaj^[3] po obećanom kursu. Zlatni standard ograničava moć vlada da povećavaju cene prekomernim izdavanjem papirne valute. Tokom Prvog i Drugog svetskog rata, mnoge zemlje su privremeno napustile zlatni standard kako bi finansirale svoje ratne napore. Ovo je dovelo do devalvacije mnogih valuta i rasta cena zlata, jer je investitore privukla relativna sigurnost zlata. Posle Drugog svetskog rata, sporazumima postignutim na konferenciji u Breton Vudsu 1944. godine, stupio je na snagu poslednji zlatni standard po kome su mnoge zemlje vezivale kurs svojih valuta za američki dolar.

Sjedinjene Države su tada obećale fiksnu cenu zlata od 35 dolara po unci. Kao rezultat toga, sve valute vezane za kurs dolara dobile su fiksnu vrednost u smislu zlata. Pod predsednikom Šarlom de Golom, do 1970-ih, Francuska je smanjivala svoje dolarske rezerve kupujući zlato za njih od vlade SAD, smanjujući tako američki ekonomski uticaj u svetu.

Ovo je, zajedno sa finansijskim pritiskom izazvanim Vijetnamskim ratom, primoralo predsednika Ričarda Niksona da 1971. godine ukine zlatni standard, odnosno direktnu konvertibilnost dolara u zlato. Kao rezultat toga, savremene svetske valute su izgubile svoju materijalnu osnovu, a centralne banke, od kojih su mnoge u privatnom vlasništvu, dobile su teorijsku mogućnost da emituju novac u neograničenim količinama.

Robni novac nije pogodan za skladištenje i prenos,^[4] pa je postepeno ušao u upotrebu papirni, a odnedavno i elektronski.

Reference

^ monetarne vlasti
^ „Po zlatnim rezervama, Srbija je 54. zemlja na svetu”. www.ekapija.com (на језику: српски). Приступљено 2023-03-22.
^ opticaj
^ prenos

Literatura

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Spoljašnje veze

Zlatni standard на Викимедијиној остави.

1925: Churchill & The Gold Standard - UK Parliament Living Heritage
What is The Gold Standard? University of Iowa Center for International Finance and Development
History of the Bank of England Bank of England
Timeline: Gold's history as a currency standard Архивирано на сајту Wayback Machine (13. децембар 2010)

Нормативна контрола
Државне	Француска BnF подаци Немачка Израел Сједињене Државе Јапан Чешка
Остале	Енциклопедија Британика 2 3 IdRef

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Bruce P. Crandall

Kabinet Beel kedua

The Paris Review

William Lockhart

Lubart's Castle

William (bishop of Orange)

Hydrogymnastics

Oscar II (disambiguation)

Single system image

Brookland Plantation

Union Ridge (tagaytay sa Tinipong Bansa, West Virginia)

Tiger Hill (bungtod sa Belize)

John Heaphy Fellowes

Talk:Marius Hills

Chintaka de Zoysa

White Oak Hollow (walog sa Tinipong Bansa, Missouri, Taney County)

If You Were with Me Now

Stonington, Connecticut

Michael Anderson (koszykarz)

Philophylla nitida

Berndt Lindfors

Lousy Run (suba sa Tinipong Bansa, Ohio)

Kissology Volume Three: 1992–2000

Ummu Kulthum bint Ali

Rainbow Gathering

Talk:Telephone numbers in Jersey

2009 Newcastle Knights season

Kane Canyon (walog sa Tinipong Bansa, Nevada)

Johann Heinrich Dick

Talk:Water polo at the 2000 Summer Olympics – Women's tournament

Orient Overseas Container Line

Magdalena Valley dry forests

Talk:The Final Episode (Let's Change the Channel)

Molecular motor

Cassius Longinus

Gare de Vergné

Cañada La Agüita (suba nga anhianhi)

Journal of the European Mathematical Society

Pulo Pande, Batee, Pidie

Cophixalus timidus

Classix Nouveaux

Talk:Person of color/Archive 1

Биси ле Репо (Јон)

Talk:Indian cricket team in the West Indies in 2017

Suicheng (häradshuvudort i Kina, Guangdong Sheng, lat 21,38, long 110,25)

Newcastle Challenger 1994

Arroyo Las Lajitas (suba sa Mehiko, Estado de Durango)

Theodore Brenson

Talk:Michael Doughty (footballer, born 1992)

Estadio Campeón del Siglo

Eagle Lake (lanaw sa Kanada, Ontario, Haliburton County)

Drepanepteryx algida

لويس لومباردى

Ved fængslets port

User talk:Jerkylucas66

Paramount Theatre

Mud Springs (tubud sa Tinipong Bansa, Nevada, Elko County, lat 40,89, long -116,10)

User talk:Talsurrak

Ice Cream for Crow

Comfortably Numb

Saint-Nazaire-de-Ladarez

Tamara Villu (kalapukan)

Amparo (São Paulo)

Constantin Ion Parhon

Blair Witch: 20 let poté

Mesa La Zorrilla

ジョージアサッカー連盟

Egiptia Ruĝa Krescento

Spring Gulch (walog sa Tinipong Bansa, Colorado, Jackson County, lat 40,73, long -106,49)

Jugoslaviske fanger i Norge under andre verdenskrig