Sardele
Sardele ili inćuni su male, široko zastupljene krmne riba iz porodice Engraulidae . Većina vrsta se nalazi u morskim vodama, nekoliko njih ulazi u barktičnu vodu , a neke vrste u Južnoj Americi su ograničene na slatku vodu[ 2]
Postoji više od 140 vrsta koje su grupisane u 17 rodova . One su prisutne u Antlanskom, Indijskom i Tihom okeanu, kao i u Crnom moru i Sredozemnom moru . Sardele se obično klasifikuju kao uljaste ribe .[ 3]
Sistematika
Rodovi
Vrste
Amazonsprattus scintilla Roberts, 1984 Anchoa analis (Miller, 1945) Anchoa argentivittata (Regan, 1904) Anchoa belizensis (Thomerson and Greenfield, 1975) Anchoa cayorum (Fowler, 1906) Anchoa chamensis Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoa choerostoma (Goode, 1874) Anchoa colonensis Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoa compressa (Girard, 1858) Anchoa cubana (Poey, 1868) Anchoa curta (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) Anchoa delicatissima (Girard, 1854) Anchoa eigenmannia (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923) Anchoa exigua (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) Anchoa filifera (Fowler, 1915) Anchoa helleri (Hubbs, 1921) Anchoa hepsetus (Linnaeus, 1758) Anchoa ischana (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) Anchoa januaria (Steindachner, 1879) Anchoa lamprotaenia Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoa lucida (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) Anchoa lyolepis (Evermann and Marsh, 1900) Anchoa marinii Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoa mitchilli (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Anchoa mundeola (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898) Anchoa mundeoloides (Breder, 1928) Anchoa nasus (Kner and Steindachner, 1867) Anchoa panamensis (Steindachner, 1877) Anchoa parva (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923) Anchoa pectoralis Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoa scofieldi (Jordan and Culver in Jordan, 1895) Anchoa spinifer (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Anchoa starksi (Gilbert and Pierson in Jordan and Evermann, 1898) Anchoa tricolor (Spix and Agassiz, 1829) Anchoa trinitatis (Fowler, 1915) Anchoa walkeri Baldwin and Chang, 1970 Anchovia clupeoides (Swainson, 1839) Anchovia macrolepidota (Kner, 1863) Anchovia surinamensis (Bleeker, 1866) Anchoviella alleni (Myers, 1940) Anchoviella balboae (Jordan and Seale, 1926) Anchoviella blackburni Hildebrand, 1943 Anchoviella brevirostris (Günther, 1868) Anchoviella carrikeri Fowler, 1940 Anchoviella cayennensis (Puyo, 1946) Anchoviella elongata (Meek and Hildebrand, 1923) Anchoviella guianensis (Eigenmann, 1912) Anchoviella jamesi (Jordan and Seale, 1926) Anchoviella lepidentostole (Fowler, 1911) Anchoviella manamensis Cervigón, 1982 Anchoviella nattereri (Steindachner, 1879) Anchoviella perezi Cervigón, 1987 Anchoviella perfasciata (Poey, 1860) Anchoviella shantungensis Li, 1978 Anchoviella vaillanti (Steindachner, 1908) Cetengraulis edentulus (Cuvier, 1829) Cetengraulis mysticetus (Günther, 1867) Coilia borneensis Bleeker, 1852 Coilia brachygnathus Kreyenberg and Pappenheim, 1908 Coilia coomansi Hardenberg, 1934 Coilia dussumieri Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848 Coilia grayii Richardson, 1845 Coilia lindmani Bleeker, 1858 Coilia macrognathos Bleeker, 1852 Coilia mystus (Linnaeus, 1758) Coilia nasus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 Coilia neglecta Whitehead, 1967 Coilia ramcarati (Hamilton, 1822) Coilia rebentischii Bleeker, 1858 Coilia reynaldi Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848 Encrasicholina devisi (Whitley, 1940) Encrasicholina heteroloba (Rüppell, 1837) Encrasicholina oligobranchus (Wongratana, 1983) Encrasicholina punctifer Fowler, 1938 Encrasicholina purpurea (Fowler, 1900) Engraulis anchoita Hubbs and Marini in Marini, 1935 Engraulis australis (White, 1790) Engraulis encrasicolus (Linnaeus, 1758) Engraulis eurystole (Swain and Meek, 1884) Engraulis japonicus Temminck and Schlegel, 1846 Engraulis mordax Girard, 1854 Engraulis ringens Jenyns, 1842 Jurengraulis juruensis (Boulenger, 1898) Lycengraulis batesii (Günther, 1868) Lycengraulis grossidens (Agassiz in Spix and Agassiz, 1829) Lycengraulis limnichthys Schultz, 1949 Lycengraulis poeyi (Kner, 1863) Lycothrissa crocodilus (Bleeker, 1851) Papuengraulis micropinna Munro, 1964 Pseudosetipinna haizhouensis Peng and Zhao, 1988 Pterengraulis atherinoides (Linnaeus, 1766) Setipinna breviceps (Cantor, 1849) Setipinna brevifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Setipinna melanochir (Bleeker, 1849) Setipinna paxtoni Wongratana, 1987 Setipinna phasa (Hamilton, 1822) Setipinna taty (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Setipinna tenuifilis (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Setipinna wheeleri Wongratana, 1983 Stolephorus advenus Wongratana, 1987 Stolephorus andhraensis Babu Rao, 1966 Stolephorus apiensis (Jordan and Seale, 1906) Stolephorus baganensis Hardenberg, 1933 Stolephorus brachycephalus Wongratana, 1983 Stolephorus carpentariae (De Vis, 1882) Stolephorus chinensis (Günther, 1880) Stolephorus commersonnii Lacepède, 1803 Stolephorus dubiosus Wongratana, 1983 Stolephorus holodon (Boulenger, 1900) Stolephorus indicus (van Hasselt, 1823) Stolephorus insularis Hardenberg, 1933 Stolephorus multibranchus Wongratana, 1987 Stolephorus nelsoni Wongratana, 1987 Stolephorus pacificus Baldwin, 1984 Stolephorus ronquilloi Wongratana, 1983 Stolephorus tri (Bleeker, 1852) Stolephorus waitei Jordan and Seale, 1926 Thryssa adelae (Rutter, 1897) Thryssa aestuaria (Ogilby, 1910) Thryssa baelama (Forsskål, 1775) Thryssa brevicauda Roberts, 1978 Thryssa chefuensis (Günther, 1874) Thryssa dayi Wongratana, 1983 Thryssa dussumieri (Valenciennes in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1848) Thryssa encrasicholoides (Bleeker, 1852) Thryssa gautamiensis Babu Rao, 1971 Thryssa hamiltonii Gray, 1835 Thryssa kammalensis (Bleeker, 1849) Thryssa kammalensoides Wongratana, 1983 Thryssa malabarica (Bloch, 1795) Thryssa marasriae Wongratana, 1987 Thryssa mystax (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) Thryssa polybranchialis Wongratana, 1983 Thryssa purava (Hamilton, 1822) Thryssa rastrosa Roberts, 1978 Thryssa scratchleyi (Ramsay and Ogilby, 1886) Thryssa setirostris (Broussonet, 1782) Thryssa spinidens (Jordan and Seale, 1925) Thryssa stenosoma Wongratana, 1983 Thryssa vitrirostris (Gilchrist and Thompson, 1908) Thryssa whiteheadi Wongratana, 1983
Ekologija
Sardele su značajan izvor hrane za skoro sve predatorske ribe u svom okruženju, uključujući kalifornijske iverke , prugaste grgeče , žutorepe , ajkule , kralske losose , i Oncorhynchus kisutch . One su isto tako ekstremno važne za morske sisare i ptice; na primer, uspeh uzgoja of kalifornijskih smeđih pelikana [ 6] elegantnih čigri snažno je povezan s obiljem inćuna.
Reference
^ Nelson, Joseph S.; Grande, Terry C.; Wilson, Mark V. H. (2016). John Wiley & Sons . ISBN 9781118342336 . ^ Loeb, M.V. (2012). „A new species of Anchoviella Fowler, 1911 (Clupeiformes: Engraulidae) from the Amazon basin, Brazil”. Neotropical Ichthyology . 10 (1): 13—18. doi :10.1590/s1679-62252012000100002 . ^ „What's an oily fish?” . Food Standards Agency . 2004-06-24. Архивирано из оригинала 10. 12. 2010. г. Приступљено 30. 06. 2019 . ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel; ур. (2011). Amazonsprattus scintilla ”FishBase [верзија на датум: June 2011]
^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). „A compendium of fossil marine animal genera” . Bulletins of American Paleontology . 364 : 560. Архивирано из оригинала 2011-07-23. г. Приступљено 2008-01-08 . ^ Anderson, Daniel W.; Gress, Franklin; Mais, Kenneth F.; Kelly, Paul R. (1980). North, Nance, ур. „Brown pelicans as anchovy stock indicators and their relationships to commercial fishing” (PDF) . CalCOFIs Reports . California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations . 21 : 55. Архивирано из оригинала (PDF) 23. 12. 2012. г. Приступљено 30. 06. 2019 . „Pelican reproductive rate ... depends largely on levels of anchovy abundance and availability. ”
Literatura
