Neutronski presek

U nuklearnoj fizici, koncept neutronskog preseka se koristi za izražavanje verovatnoće interakcije između upadnog neutrona i ciljnog jezgra. Neutronski presek se može definisati kao površina u cm2 za koju je broj reakcija neutrona i jezgra koje se odvijaju jednak proizvodu broja upadnih neutrona koji bi prošli kroz to područje i broja ciljnih jezgara.[1] U sprezi sa neutronskim fluksom, to omogućava izračunavanje brzine reakcije, na primer da se izvede toplotna snaga nuklearne elektrane. Standardna jedinica za merenje poprečnog preseka je barn, koja je jednaka 10−28 m2 ili 10−24 cm2. Što je veći presek neutrona, veća je verovatnoća da će neutron reagovati sa jezgrom.

Izotop (ili nuklid) se može klasifikovati prema njegovom neutronskom preseku i načinu na koji reaguje na upadni neutron. Nuklidi koji imaju tendenciju da apsorbuju neutron i ili se raspadaju ili zadržavaju neutron u svom jezgru su apsorberi neutrona[2][3] i imaće presek hvatanja za tu reakciju. Izotopi koji prolaze kroz fisiju su fisiona goriva i imaju odgovarajući fisioni presek. Preostali izotopi će jednostavno raspršiti neutron i imati presek rasejanja. Neki izotopi, kao što je uranijum-238, imaju sva tri poprečna preseka različita od nule.

Izotopi koji imaju veliki presek rasejanja i malu masu su dobri moderatori neutrona.[4][5][6] Nuklidi koji imaju veliki poprečni presek apsorpcije su neutronski otrovi ako ne podležu fisuji, niti se raspadaju. Otrov koji se namerno ubacuje u nuklearni reaktor da bi se kontrolisala njegova reaktivnost na dugi rok i poboljšala margina isključivanja naziva se sagorivi otrov.

Reference

  1. ^ McLane, Victoria; Dunford, Charles L.; Rose, Philip F. (2. 12. 2012). Neutron Cross Sections (на језику: енглески). Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-323-14222-9. OCLC 1044711235. 
  2. ^ „Nuclear poison (or neutron poison)”. Glossary. United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 7. 5. 2014. Архивирано из оригинала 14. 7. 2014. г. Приступљено 4. 7. 2014. 
  3. ^ Kruglov, Arkadii (2002). The History of the Soviet Atomic Industry. Trans. by Andrei Lokhov. London: Taylor & Francis. стр. 57. ISBN 0-415-26970-9. OCLC 50952983. Приступљено 4. 7. 2014. 
  4. ^ Miller, Jr., George Tyler (2002). Living in the Environment: Principles, Connections, and Solutions (12th изд.). Belmont: The Thomson Corporation. стр. 345. ISBN 0-534-37697-5. 
  5. ^ Kratz, Jens-Volker; Lieser, Karl Heinrich (2013). Nuclear and Radiochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications (3 изд.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9783527653355. Приступљено 27. 4. 2018. 
  6. ^ De Graef, Marc; McHenry, Michael E. (2012). Structure of Materials: An Introduction to Crystallography, Diffraction and Symmetry. Cambridge University Press. стр. 324. ISBN 9781139560474. Приступљено 27. 4. 2018. 

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