Merenje volumena plodove vode

Plod okružen plodovom vodom

Merenje volumena plodove vode jedna je od metoda za određivanje biofizikalnog profila kojim se vrši procene prenatalnog rizika fetusa. U grupi od pet komponenti navedenog profila, volumen plodove vode spada među važnijim kriterijumima za procenu fetalnog stanja.[1][2]

Opšte informacije

Biofizikalni profil je metoda za procenu prenatalnog rizika, a uključuje pet komponenti: četiri ultrazvučna merene (kretnje fetusa, pokrete disanja, tonus ploda, volumen plodove vode) i NST (non stress test)[1] Kombinacija ovih komponenti stiče se uvid u trenutni acidobazni status fetusa (kretnje, pokreti disanja, tonus, NST), i otkriva stanje posteljice u dužem periodu (volumen plodove vode).[3] Ideja za određivanja biofizikalnog profila oslanja se na činjenicu da se korištenjem više parametara može tačnije proceniti stanje fetusa, nego kad se oni koriste zasebno.[4][5]

Smanjena uteroplacentarna perfuzija dovodi do smanjenog renalnog protoka, smanjene produkcije urina i posledično do oligohidramniona.

Metoda

Volumen plodove vode se meri ultrazvučno. Postoje dv metode procene količine plodove vode:

  • Semikvantitativna procena — zasnovanja na određivanju dimenzije najvećeg slobodnog džepa plodove vode.
  • Phelanova metoda — zasnovana na izračunavanju indeksa plodove vode (engl. amniotic fluid index, AFI), u kojoj se indeks izračunava sabiranjem četiri vertikalna slobodna džepa.

Za merenju je važno da džepovi plodove vode ne sadrže fetalne delove ili pupčanik.

Tumačenje rezultata

Dobrim nalazom prema smernicama smatra se postojanje džepa plodove vode koji mere najmanje 2 cm u dve međusobno vertikalne ravni.[1][6]

Izvori

  1. ^ а б в Cunningham GF, Leveni KJ, Bloom SL, Spong CY, Dashe JS, Hoffman BL, i ostali. Williams OBSTETRICS. 24. izd. Sv. 53, The McGrraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2013.
  2. ^ Smith GCS, Crossley JA, Aitken DA, et al: Circulating angiogenic factors in early pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction, spontaneous preterm birth, and stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol 109:1316, 2007
  3. ^ ACOG. Practice bulletin. Am Coll Obstet Gynecol. 2014.;123(5):1118–32.
  4. ^ Creasy RK, Resnik R, Iams J, Lockwood CJ, Moore TR, Greene MF. Creasy and Resnik’s Maternal-Fetal Medicine: Principles and Practice. 7. izd. Elsevier; 2014.
  5. ^ Baschat AA, Cosmi E, Bilardo CM, et al: Predictors of neonatal outcome in early-onset placental dysfunction. Obstet Gynecol 109:253, 2007 [PMID: 17267821]
  6. ^ American Academy of Pediatrics., American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Guidelines for Perinatal Care, 7th Edition [Internet]. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012. 598 str.

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