Četvorostruka veza

Oktahlorodirenat(III) anjon, [Re2Cl8]2−, koji sadrži četvorostruku Re-Re vezu
Struktura bakar(II) acetata

Četvorostruka veza je tip hemijske veze između dva atoma u kojoj učestvuje osam elektrona. Ova veza je ekstenzija poznatijih tipova veze, dvostruke i trostruke.[1] Stabilne četvorostruke veze se najčešće javljaju između prelaznih metala iz sredine d-bloka, kao što su renijum, volfram, molibden i hrom. Tipično ligandi koji podržavaju ćetvorostruke veze su π-donors, a ne π-akceptori.

Hrom(II) acetat, Cr2(μ-O2CMe)4(H2O)2, je bilo prvo sintetisano hemijsko jedinjenje sa četvorostrukom vezom. Ovao jedinjenje je opisao E. Peligot 1844, mada njegovo osobeno vezivanje nije bilo prepoznato više od jednog veka.[2] F. Albert Koton je 1964. bio prvi istraživač da okarakteriše četvorostruku vezu opisujući kalijum oktakhlorodirenat(III) ili K2[Re2Cl8]·2H2O.[3] Dužina renijum–renijum veze u tom jedinjenju je samo 224 pm. U terminologiji molekularne orbitalne teorije ovo vezivanje se opisuje kao σ2π4δ2 sa jednom sigma vezom, dve pi veze i jednom delta veze.

Mnoga druga jedinjenja sa četvorostrukom vezom su opisana. Jedan od izoelektronika sadrži direnijumsko jedinjenje koje je so K4[Mo2Cl8] (kalijum oktahlorodimolibdat).[4] Primer divolframskog jedinjenja sa četvorostrukom vezom je di-volfram tetra(hpp).

Reference

  1. ^ Radius, Udo; Breher, Frank (2006). „To Boldly Pass the Metal–Metal Quadruple Bond”. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 45 (19): 3006—3010. PMID 16642513. doi:10.1002/anie.200504322. 
  2. ^ Cotton, F. A.; Walton, R. A. "Multiple Bonds Between Metal Atoms" Oxford (Oxford). 1993. ISBN 978-0-19-855649-7.
  3. ^ Cotton, F. A.; Harris, C. B. Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4(3), 330–333.
  4. ^ Girolami, G. S.; Rauchfuss, T. B. and Angelici, R. J., "Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry", University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1999.

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