Itasy (jezero)

Jezero Itasy
Lac Itasy
Jezero Itasy se nahaja v Madagaskar
Jezero Itasy
Jezero Itasy
Lega jezera Itasy na Madagaskarju
Legaregija Itasy
Glavni dotokireki Andranomena in Mariandrano
Glavni odtokireka Lily
Države porečjaMadagaskar
Površina3500 ha
Povp. globina4 m
Maks. globina10 m
Gladina (n.m.)1221 m

Jezero Itasy je jezero v Centralnem višavju na Madagaskarju. Je v regiji Itasy in v občinah Ampefy, Soavinandriana, Manazary in Analavory.[1]

Jezero Itasy ima površino 3500 hektarjev. Je četrto največje jezero na Madagaskarju, za jezeri Alaotra, Kinkony in Ihotry.[2]

Jezero ima povprečno globino 4 metre, v globino pa sega do 10 metrov. Raven vode se sezonsko spreminja. V južnem in vzhodnem delu jezera so močvirna območja.[3]

Jezero Itasy leži v vulkanskem masivu Itasy. Ognjeniška dejavnost v regiji je relativno nova in jezero je nastalo, ko so tokovi lave blokirali reko in za njo oblikovali jezero. Pokrajina okoli jezera je prekrita s strombolskimi stožci skorije in trahitnimi kupolami. Vulkanska pokrajina okoli jezera ima veliko manjših jezer (maarjev) in šotnih barij.

Reki Andranomena in Mariandrano se izlivata v jezero z vzhoda. Reka Lily je iztok jezera, ki teče proti zahodu iz severozahodnega vogala jezera. Lily je pritok reke Sakay, ki je pritok reke Tsiribihina. Tsiribihina teče proti zahodu in se izliva v Mozambiški preliv.

Rastlinstvo in živalstvo

Ob obronkih jezera je trstičevje, sestavljeno predvsem iz vrst navadni trst Phragmites in ostrice Cyperus, ki zraste do dva metra visoko. Obstajajo tudi plavajoče preproge tujerodne vodne hijacinte Eichhornia.

V jezeru so opazili 44 vrst ptic, vključno z desetimi endemičnimi vrstami Madagaskarja. Med avtohtonimi pticami so mellerjeva raca (Anas melleri), madagaskarski ponirek (Tachybaptus pelzelnii), madagaskarski puhasti rep (Sarothrura insularis), madagaskarska ribniška čaplja (Ardeola idae), madagaskarski smrk (Gallinago macrodactyla) in madagaskarski lunj (Circus macrosceles). Jezero je označeno kot pomembno območje za ptice.

Okolje jezera in njegovih pritokov je bilo spremenjeno zaradi onesnaženja, erozije in zamuljenja, uničevanja habitatov in vnosa eksotičnih vrst. Domorodna riba Ptychochromoides itasy, nazadnje opažena v jezeru v 1970-ih, je veljala za izumrlo, dokler niso odkrili populacije v reki Sakay.[4]

Turizem

Jezero Itasy je zelo priljubljena izletniška točka prebivalcev Antananariva.[5]

Sklici

  1. ↑ Lac Itasy
  2. ↑ Battistini, R., Richard-Vindard, G. (eds) (1972) Biogeography and Ecology in Madagascar. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 21. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi-org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7159-3_5
  3. ↑ BirdLife International (2023) Bird Areas factsheet: Lake Itasy. Accessed 16 January 2023.
  4. ↑ Ravelomanana, T. & Sparks, J.S. 2020. Ptychochromoides itasy (amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2020: e.T44513A177066939. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T44513A177066939.en. Accessed 17 January 2023.
  5. ↑ »Itasy«. eNotes. 1962. Pridobljeno 7. decembra 2015.

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Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: Itasy (jezero).

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