Publius Septimius Geta

Publius Septimius Geta

Publius Septimius Geta (PVBLIVS SEPTIMVS GETA) (* 7. marec 189 – † 19. december 211) bol rímsky cisár a spoluvládca so svojim otcom Septimom Severom a bratom Caracallom od roku 209 až do svojej smrti.

Život

Geta bol mladší syn Septima Severa a jeho druhej ženy Iulie Domny, pôvodom z kňazského rodu zo sýrskej Emesy. Narodil sa v Ríme v čase, keď jeho otec bol iba provinčným guvernérom Sicílie (189 – 190) v službách cisára Commoda. Mal blízky vzťah so starším bratom a možno aj preto bol tento vzťah od začiatku komplikovaný a konfliktný. Svoje priezvisko získal Geta po dedovi alebo strýkovi z otcovej strany, ktorý sa obaja nazývali rovnako a mali aj praenomen Publius. Septimius Severus dal Getovi v roku 209 titul Augustus.

V roku 193, keď mal Geta štyri roky, bol Septimius Severus povolaný cisárom, o vládu však musel ešte štyri roky bojovať s troma ďalšími uchádzačmi o trón. V ôsmich rokoch Geta sprevádzal otca na ťažení proti Partom a pravdepodobne po víťazstve pri Ktésifóne bol menovaný za caesara (jeho titul znel P. SEPTIMIUS GETA NOBILISSIMUS CAESAR, PRINCEPS IUVENTUTIS). Roku 205 sa mladý princ stal konzulom, o štyri roky neskôr správcom Británie a roku 209 nakoniec plnoprávnym cisárom – augustom.

Už od detstva panovala medzi bratmi silná rivalita. Cassius Dio sa zmieňuje o tom, že pri kočových pretekoch poníkov jazdili na povoze tak, až preteky skončil zlomenou Caracallovou nohou.[1] Severus si všímal rivalitu medzi synmi a snažil sa ju tlmiť a priviesť ich k zmieru a zhode; roku 208 sa stali na znamenie svornosti obidvaja konzulmi.[2] Keď však v roku 211 cisár Severus zomrel, už nebolo nič, čo by brzdilo ich vzájomnú nenávisť.

Počas ťaženia proti Britom na začiatku 3. storočia, prezentovala imperiálna propaganda obraz šťastnej rodiny, ktorá zdieľa vladárske povinnosti. Septimus Severus spravil zo svojej ženy Domny svoju poradkyňu, syna Caracalla poveril ako svojho zástupcu a administratívne a byrokratické záležitosti spravoval najmladší Geta. Rivalita medzi bratmi však stále pretrvávala.

Cisár

Keď v roku 211 Septimius Severus zahynul v Eboracume, Caracalla a Geta sa do Ríma vrátili ako spoluvládcovia. Bratia sa však neustále hádali. Špekulovalo sa aj o rozdelení ríše na dve časti. Caracalla sa pokúsil zavraždiť Getu počas saturnálií, ale neúspešne. V decembri ale zorganizoval schôdzku na ktorej Getu zavraždil.

Caracalla odsúdil jeho pamiatku a nariadil odstrániť jeho meno zo všetkých spisov. Bolo odstránených aj veľa politických rivalov, Cassius Dio uviedol, že počas jeho vlády bolo približne 20 000 ľudí bolo zavraždených alebo prenasledovaných[3].

Referencie

  1. ↑ Cassius Dio 77, 7, 2.
  2. ↑ CIL VI 210.
  3. ↑ Cassius Dio, Roman History [1]

Iné projekty

Zdroj

  • Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článkov Geta na českej Wikipédii a Publius Septimius Geta na anglickej Wikipédii.

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