Protivzdušná obrana

Posádka amerického rýchlopalného protilietadlového kanónu Bofors počas bojov v Alžírsku cez druhú svetovú vojnu.

Protivzdušná obrana (skr. PVO) v zmysle definície NATO predstavuje: „všetky opatrenia určené na zmarenie alebo zníženie efektívnosti leteckej činnosti nepriateľa.“[1] Je súborom opatrení alebo operácii na zamedzenie alebo odrazenie vzdušných útokov či iných nežiaducich operácii (napr. vzdušného prieskumu) alebo vzdušných výsadkov nepriateľa. Zahŕňa aj obranu vojenských zoskupení a tylových objektov pred leteckými údermi.[2]

Protilietadlová strela S-75 Dvina smerujúca k americkému F-105 Thunderchief, vietnamská vojna, 1968.

Medzi prostriedky protivzdušnej obrany patria pozemné či letecké zbraňové systémy (stíhacie lietadlá, protilietadlové delostrelectvo a protilietadlové riadené strely – tzv. rakety zem-vzduch), príslušné senzory (napr. radary, hlásna služba), riadiace a kontrolné mechanizmy a pasívne opatrenia (napr. barážové balóny). Úlohou protivzdušnej obrany je ochrana námorných, pozemných a vzdušných síl na ľubovoľnom mieste. Väčšina štátov vyvíjala hlavné úsilie o obranu vlastného územia, čomu zodpovedá termín protivzdušná obrana štátu (PVOS) používaný počas studenej vojny v Československu. V terminológii NATO sa niekedy rozlišuje letecká PVO angl. ako counter-air (protivzdušná obrana) a námorná PVO angl. anti-aircraft warfare (protilietadlový boj). Termín protilietadlová obrana (angl. anti-aircraft defence) je zvyčajne používaný pre označenie taktickej (vojskovej) protivzdušnej obrany, teda priamej obrany vojenských jednotiek, útvarov alebo objektov.[3] Protiraketová obrana (angl. missle defence) je rozšírením protivzdušnej obrany v zmysle prispôsobenia sa úlohám zachytenia a zničenia riadených striel s vlastným pohonom (balistické strely, strely s plochou dráhou letu).

Referencie

  1. ↑ air defence; AD / défense aérienne / protivzdušná obrana In: Košút, E., 2021: Slovník termínov a definícií NATO, Vydanie 13, SOŠ 3680 AAP-6, Úrad pre obrannú štandardizáciu, kodifikáciu a štátne overovanie kvality, s. 37
  2. ↑ Protivozdušnaja oborona vojsk. In: Ogarkov, N. V. a kol., Sovetskaja voennaja enciklopedia. Tom 6 - Obekty - Radiokompas, Voennoe izdateľstvo Ministerstva oborony SSSR, Moskva, s. 581 - 582.
  3. ↑ Vejmelka, O. a kol., Vojenský výkladový slovník vybraných operačních pojmů. Správa doktrín Ředitelství výcviku a doktrín, Vyškov, 2005, s. 193

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