Prefektúra (Francúzsko)

Prefektúra je územná jednotka administratívnej správy, riadená prefektom (z lat. Praefectus, predstavený). Dodnes sa tak označuje jednotka krajskej správy departementu vo Francúzsku.

Pôvod

Pôvodne prefektúra označovala mesto riadené menovaným prefektom, na rozdiel od samosprávnych miest (municipium) rímskych občanov. Rímsky cisár Dioklecián rozdelil vonkajšej časti ríše na štyri prefektúry: východnú, illyrskú, taliansku a galskú; v čele každej z nich stál vojenský veliteľ, prefekt pretória pre danú oblasť (Praefectus Praetoria per Orientom atď). Prefektúry sa ďalej delili na diecézy a ďalej na provincie.

Francúzske prefektúry

V súčasnom Francúzsku sú prefektúry jednotkou štátnej správy jednak v departementoch] (s prefektom departementu), od roku 1964 aj vo väčších regiónoch, tvorených niekoľkými departementmi. Slovom prefektúra sa označuje aj sídelné mesto prefekta, prefektov úrad a úradná budova.

Územie prefektúry sa v prvom prípade kryje s územím departementu ako jednotky samosprávy. Prefekt departementu je do svojej funkcie menovaný prezidentom republiky. V druhom prípade zodpovedá územie prefektúry územiu regiónu a prefekt regiónu je zároveň tiež prefektom jedného z jeho departementov.

Väčšie prefektúry sa delia na podprefektúry, ktoré zodpovedajú územiu okresu (arrondissement), ktoré sa ďalej delia na kantóny a obce.

Slovom prefektúra sa označujú aj policajné obvody na čele s policajným prefektom, prípadne námorné prefektúry, veliteľstvá veľkých častí francúzskeho vojenského loďstva (prefektúra atlantická, severná a stredozemná).

Pozri aj

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