Erie Canal

Erie Canal (angl.) alebo Erijský prieplav alebo zriedkavo Erijský kanál je umelá vodná cesta nachádzajúca sa v štáte New York. Je dlhý 584 km a vedie z Albany na rieke Hudson do mesta Buffalo na Erijskom jazere, čím vytvára splavnú vodnú trasu z Veľkých kanadských jazier do Atlantického oceánu.

Dejiny

Moderná plavebná komora pri Niagarskom zráze

Prvýkrát bol návrh na výstavbu kanála prednesený v roku 1808. V rokoch 1817 až 1832 prebiehala samotná stavba[1] a 26. októbra 1825 došlo k jeho oficiálnemu otvoreniu. Predstavoval prvý dopravný systém medzi východným pobrežím (New York) a vnútrozemím na západe (Veľké kanadské jazerá), pri ktorom nebola nutná prekládka tovaru. Navyše bola lodná doprava rýchlejšia než vozy ťahané zvieratami a takže znižoval náklady na dopravu o zhruba 95 %. Kanál prispieval k príchodu nových osadníkov do západných oblastí newyorského štátu, otvoril oblasti ďalej na západ pre budúcu kolonizáciu a pomohol New Yorku stať sa hlavným americkým prístavom. Medzi rokmi 1834 až 1862 bol ďalej rozšírený a v roku 1918 bola pôvodná stavba nahradená väčším kanálom s názvom New York State Barge Canal.

Súčasnosť

Dnes je Erijský prieplav súčasťou vodného komplexu New York State Canal System. Ako najúspešnejšia vodná cesta vytvorená človekom sa v roku 2000 Erijský prieplav zaradil do oblasti amerického národného dedičstva.[2] Aj keď sa v poslednom období skôr využíval na rekreačnú plavbu, od roku 2008 tu došlo aj k rozkvetu komerčnej riečnej dopravy.[3]

Referencie

  1. ↑ Roy Finch. The Story of the New York State Canals: Governor DeWitt Clinton's Dream [online]. New York State Engineer and Surveyor (republished by the New York State Canal Corporation), [cit. 2009-06-12]. Dostupné online. Archivované 2009-09-04 z originálu.
  2. ↑ Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor [online]. . Dostupné online.
  3. ↑ MAAG, Christopher. Hints of Comeback for Nation’s First Superhighway [online]. The New York Times Company, 2.11.2008, [cit. 2012-03-16]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)

Literatúra

  • LANGBEIN, Walter Basil. Hydrology and Environmental Aspects of Erie Canal (1817-99). Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Office.

Pozri aj

Iné projekty

  • Spolupracuj na Commons Commons ponúka multimediálne súbory na tému Erie Canal

Zdroj

  • Tento článok je čiastočný alebo úplný preklad článku Erijský kanál na českej Wikipédii.

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