Atol Bikini

Súradnice: 11°35′S 165°23′V / 11,583°S 165,383°V / 11.583; 165.383

Atol Bikini

Atol Bikini alebo Pikinni je atol, súčasť Mikronézie v Tichooceánskej časti Marshallových ostrovov. Skladá sa z 23 ostrovov, ktoré obklopujú lagúnu. Bol súčasťou Pacifickej testovacej oblasti, kde Spojené štáty americké uskutočňovali testy jadrových zbraní. Na atole sa medzi rokmi 1946 a 1958 uskutočnilo viac, než 20 testov.

Dejiny

Moreplavec a cestovateľ Otto von Kotzebue pomenoval atol Bikini Eschscholtz Atoll podľa vedca J. F. von Eschscholtza. Po skončení 2. svetovej vojny bol ostrov vybraný za oblasť testov jadrových zbraní. Pred začiatkom testov boli pôvodní obyvatelia ostrova presídlení na atol Rongerik.

Prvý výbuch – Able, sa uskutočnil 1. júna 1946. Bomba bola zhodená z bombardéra a vybuchla vo vzduchu. Omnoho ničivejší však bol podhladinový výbuch, ku ktorému došlo 25. júla 1946 pri teste Baker.[1] Pri testoch boli sledované účinky výbuchov na vojenské plavidlá a pozemné stavby. V oblasti sa pri testoch potopilo mnoho opustených vyradených plavidiel, ktoré boli vystavené účinkom tlakovej vlny. Tie, ktoré prečkali, boli často neskôr potopené inde (napr. USS Independence). Výbuchy, okrem iného, poukázali na obmedzené možnosti použitia atómovej bomby vo vojne na mori. Počas výbuchu Castle Bravo v roku 1954 došlo k ožiareniu niektorých obyvateľov okolitých ostrovov (pozri projekt 4.1). Do kontaktu s radioaktívnym spádom z tohoto výbuchu sa dostal tiež japonský rybársky čln Fukuryu Maru (Šťastný drak), čo zapríčinilo ochorenie posádky. Jeden člen posádky napokon zomrel.

V roku 2010 bol atol Bikini zapísaný na zoznam kultúrneho dedičstva UNESCO.

Referencie

  1. ↑ Kotas, P. 2004: Bikini [online]. bismarck.webz.cz, 12. júl 2009, [cit. 2009-07-12]. Dostupné online. Archivované 2011-01-01 z originálu.

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