Aténsky námorný spolok

Aténsky námorný spolok krátko pred vypuknutím peloponézskej vojny

Aténsky námorný spolok (Iné názvy: Délsky spolok, Aticko-délsky námorný spolok[1]) združoval takmer 200 gréckych štátov ohrozených expanziou Perzskej ríše. Prvý spolok vznikol v rokoch 478 – 477 pred Kr. a jeho sídlom bol ostrov Délos (preto alternatívne označenie Délsky spolok).[2] Keď hrozilo obsadenie ostrova Peržanmi, Aténčania preniesli spolkovú pokladnicu, do ktorej prispievali všetky spolkové štáty, do Atén.

Členmi spolku sa stali hlavne najviac ohrozené štáty na pobreží Malej Ázie a ostrovy v Egejskom mori. Každý z členov spolku musel prispievať na obranu buď priamo, postavením istého počtu lodí, alebo finančne, do spolkovej pokladnice.[3]

Po úspešných vojnách proti Peržanom prevahu v spolku získali Atény, ktoré využívali spolkové peniaze podľa potreby (výstavba Partenónu, Propylají). Niektorých členov spolku, ktorí chceli z neho vystúpiť, si Aténčania podmanili vojenskou silou.

V boji proti Peržanom dosiahol spolok prvý veľký úspech pod vedením vojvodcu Kimóna v bitke pri Eurymedóne roku 466 pred n.l.[1][3] V rokoch 431 – 404 pred Kr. spolok bojoval proti Peloponézskemu spolku. Po víťazstve Sparty bol spolok rozpustený.

V roku 377 pred Kr. vytvorili Aténčania nový spolok. Do spolku sa pridalo ďalších sedemdesiat gréckych miest, za cieľ mali zlomiť militaristickú hegemóniu Sparty v Grécku.[1] Zanikol v roku 371 pred Kr., pretože Atény a Sparta spolu uzatvorili mier a spojili sa proti Tébam.[1]

Referencie

  1. ↑ a b c d BEIEROVÁ, Briggite a kol.. Kronika ľudstva. Preklad Banghová K., Dobiš B., Ehrgangová E., Guldanová Z., Institoris A., Ivančiková E., Lelovská A., Lizáková J., Nováková T., Osuská M., Rakšányiová J., Semonská B., Zelenayová I., Kalász O., Žigo P., Roháčová I., Ďurechová M., Hallon Ľ., Juricová M.. 2. vyd. Bratislava : Fortuna Print, 1993. 1264 s. ISBN 8071530751. S. 108, 124.
  2. ↑ Athénský námořní spolek. leporelo.info. Dostupné online [cit. 2020-06-24]. Archivované 2020-06-25 z originálu.
  3. ↑ a b BUDAJ, Marek. Dejiny sveta od A po Z. Bratislava : Príroda, 2013. ISBN 978-80-07-02138-9. S. 24.

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