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Ukrainian
Ukrainian
українська мова; ukrajinśka mova;
Pronunciation	[ukrɑˈjinʲsʲkɑ ˈmɔwɑ]
Native to	Ukraine
Ethnicity	Ukrainians
Native speakers	45 million (2007)
Language family	Indo-European Balto-Slavic Slavic East Slavic Ukrainian; ; ; ;
Early form	Old East Slavic
Writing system	Cyrillic (Ukrainian alphabet); Ukrainian Braille;
Official status
Official language in	Ukraine; Crimea; Transnistria;
Recognised minority; language in	Bosnia and Herzegovina; Croatia; Czech Republic; Hungary; Moldova; Poland; Romania; Serbia; Slovakia;
Regulated by	National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine: Institute for the Ukrainian Language, Ukrainian language-information fund, Potebnya Institute of Language Studies
Language codes
ISO 639-1	uk
ISO 639-2	ukr
ISO 639-3	ukr
Glottolog	ukra1253 Ukrainian
Linguasphere	53-AAA-ed < 53-AAA-e; (varieties: 53-AAA-eda to 53-AAA-edq);
	Ukrainian-speaking world
	Ukrainian language and Ukrainians with their neighbors in the early 20th century.
	This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

A poem being read in Ukrainian

Ukrainian language

The Ukrainian language (Ukrainian: українська (мова), transliteration: ukrajinśka mova) is an Eastern Slavic language. This language is a part of the Indo-European language family.

Ukrainian is the second most spoken Slavic language. It is the official language of Ukraine. There are 37 million speakers in Ukraine. Most of them are native speakers. All over the world there are more than 50 million speakers.

The Ukrainian language is written with Cyrillic letters.

Many words are similar to the Polish language.

Alphabet

The Ukrainian alphabet with transliteration and transcription (to English and German):

Capital letter (HTML-Entity)	Small letter (HTML-Entity)	Academic transliteration	English transcription	German transcription
А (А)	а (а)	A a	A a	A a
Б (Б)	б (б)	B b	B b	B b
В (В)	в (в)	V v	V v	W w
Г (Г)	г (г)	H h	H h	H h
Ґ (Ґ)	ґ (ґ)	G g	G g	G g
Д (Д)	д (д)	D d	D d	D d
Е (Е)	е (е)	E e	E e	E e
Є (Є)	є (є)	Je je	Ye ye	Je je
Ж (Ж)	ж (ж)	Ž ž	Zh zh	Sch (Sh) sch (sh)
З (З)	з (з)	Z z	Z z	S s
И (И)	и (и)	Y y	Y y	Y y
І (І)	і (і)	I i	I i	I i
Ї (Ї)	ї (ї)	Ji ji	Yi yi	Ji ji
Й (Й)	й (й)	J j ¹	Y y	J j
К (К)	к (к)	K k	K k (instead ks x)	K k (instead ks x)
Л (Л)	л (л)	L l	L l	L l
М (М)	м (м)	M m	M m	M m
Н (Н)	н (н)	N n	N n	N n
О (О)	о (о)	O o	O o	O o
П (П)	п (п)	P p	P p	P p
Р (Р)	р (р)	R r	R r	R r
С (С)	с (с)	S s	S s	S s (between vowels ss)
Т (Т)	т (т)	T t	T t	T t
У (У)	у (у)	U u	U u	U u
Ф (Ф)	ф (ф)	F f	F f	F f
Х (Х)	х (х)	Ch ch	Kh, kh	Ch ch
Ц (Ц)	ц (ц)	C c	Ts ts	Z z
Ч (Ч)	ч (ч)	Č č	Ch ch	Tsch tsch
Ш (Ш)	ш (ш)	Š š	Sh sh	Sch sch
Щ (Щ)	щ (щ)	Šč šč	Shch shch	Schtsch schtsch (Stsch stsch)
Ь (Ь)	ь (ь)	’ (apostrophe) before vowel j ²	’ (apostrophe) before vowel y (Soft sign)	(–) bzw. j
Ю (Ю)	ю (ю)	Ju Ju	Yu yu	Ju ju
Я (Я)	я (я)	Ja ja	Ya ya	Ja ja
	’	’ (apostrophe)³	(–)	(–)

Notes

¹only before o

²only after consonants; a capital letter does not exist; the soft sign ь is not a letter representing a sound, but modifies the sound of the preceding letter, indicating palatalisation ('softening').

³an apostrophe (’) is used to mark de-palatalization of the preceding consonant.

References

↑ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
↑ The status of Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is since March 2014 under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an autonomous region of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, whereas Russia considers Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
↑ "National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. Retrieved 2012-05-22.
↑ "Implementation of the Charter in Hungary". Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
↑ Matthew H. Ciscel (December 19, 2008). "Uneasy Compromise: Language and Education in Moldova". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 11 (3–4): 373. doi:10.1080/13670050802148756. S2CID 143698116. Retrieved July 21, 2020.

[NE100-1] Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin

[CrimeaAnnex-2] The status of Crimea and of the city of Sevastopol is since March 2014 under dispute between Russia and Ukraine; Ukraine and the majority of the international community consider Crimea to be an autonomous region of Ukraine and Sevastopol to be one of Ukraine's cities with special status, whereas Russia considers Crimea to be a federal subject of Russia and Sevastopol to be one of Russia's three federal cities.

[treaty-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148 (Status as of: 21/9/2011)". Council of Europe. Archived from the original on 2012-05-22. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

[languages-4] "National Minorities Policy of the Government of the Czech Republic". Vlada.cz. Retrieved 2012-05-22.

[5] "Implementation of the Charter in Hungary". Database for the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. Public Foundation for European Comparative Minority Research. Archived from the original on 27 February 2014. Retrieved 16 June 2014.

[6] Matthew H. Ciscel (December 19, 2008). "Uneasy Compromise: Language and Education in Moldova". International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. 11 (3–4): 373. doi:10.1080/13670050802148756. S2CID 143698116. Retrieved July 21, 2020.

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