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The Pirates of Penzance
The Pirates of Penzance
	Poster, ca. 1880
Written by	W. S. Gilbert (words); Arthur Sullivan (music)
Characters	Major-General Stanley; Pirate King; Frederic; Sergeant of Police; Mabel; Ruth
Date of premiere	31 December 1879 (New York); 3 April 1880 (London)
Place of premiere	Fifth Avenue Theatre; New York City, New York; Opera Comique; London, England
Original language	English
Subject	Duty
Genre	Operetta
Setting	Penzance, Cornwall, England, ca. 1879

Major General's Song

The Pirates of Penzance; or, The Slave of Duty is a two-act operetta by Gilbert and Sullivan. It is the fifth of their fourteen operettas. The London premiere was 3 April 1880 at the Opera Comique. It ran for almost a year, closing on 2 April 1881. It had 363 performances.

American copyright

Gilbert, Sullivan, and their manager Richard D'Oyly Carte arrived in New York in October 1879 to present an authorized version of H.M.S. Pinafore. During this time, Sullivan continued work on the team's next operetta, Pirates, and completed it on 28 December.

In order to secure the American copyright, the operetta premiered in New York City at the Fifth Avenue Theatre on 31 December 1879. Sullivan conducted. The operetta was a great success.

In order to secure the British copyright, the operetta had been performed at the Bijou Theatre in Paignton, Devon, the day before the New York premiere on 30 December. The singers wore their costumes from Pinafore (they were performing this operetta in nearby Torquay) and sang from hand-written sheets of music newly delivered from the United States.

Adaptations

American director and producer Joseph Papp adapted the operetta for summer performances in Central Park, New York City, in 1980. The production was then staged on Broadway and in the West End with great success. In 1983, a movie version of the Papp adaptation was released, starring Angela Lansbury, pop singer Linda Ronstadt, and Kevin Kline.

Roles

Pirate King (bass-baritone)
Samuel (baritone), his lieutenant
Frederic (tenor), a pirate apprentice
Ruth (contralto), a "piratical maid of all work"
Sergeant of Police (bass)
Major-General Stanley (comic baritone)
Mabel (soprano), Stanley's daughter
Edith (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
Kate (mezzo-soprano), Stanley's daughter
Isabel (speaking role), Stanley's daughter

References

Bradley, Ian. 2001. The Complete Annotated Gilbert and Sullivan. Oxford University Press. pp. 189-191.
Brahms, Caryl. 1975. Gilbert and Sullivan: lost chords and discords. Little, Brown. pp. 88-96.