Sachem

Statue of Daniel Nimham, a sachem of the Wappinger.

Sachem and sagamores are terms for North American Indian chiefs. It is particularly used in Algonquian-speaking tribes of the Northeastern Woodlands.[1] The sachem was the highest level of chiefs. The sagamore was a lower-ranking chief.[2] Examples of sachems include Massasoit, Metacom, Uncas and Daniel Nimham. Little Turtle is an example of a sagamore.

Cognate words

Family Language Word Notes
Eastern Algonquian Proto-Eastern Algonquian *sākimāw theoretical reconstruction
Narragansett sâchim anglicized as sachem[3]
Lenape sakima derived from earlier form sakimaw[4]
Eastern Abnaki sakəma anglicized as sagamore[3]
Mi'kmaq saqamaw Ninigret
Malecite-Passamaquoddy sakom [5]
Western Abnaki sôgmô [6]
Wangunk sequin [7]
Central Algonquian Proto-Central Algonquian *hākimāw theoretical reconstruction
Anishinaabe ogimaa [8]
Algonquin ogimà [9]
Ottawa gimaa [10]
Potawatomi wgema anglicised as Ogema
Eastern Swampy Cree okimâw [11]
Northern East Cree uchimaa [12]
Southern East Cree uchimaa [13]
Naskapi iiyuuchimaaw [14]

References

  1. ↑ "Definition of SACHEM". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  2. ↑ "Definition of SAGAMORE". www.merriam-webster.com. Retrieved 2022-08-05.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Goddard, Ives (1978). "Eastern Algonquian languages", in "Northeast", ed. Bruce G. Trigger. Vol. 15 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pg. 75
  4. ↑ "sakima". Lenape Talking Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-02-19.
  5. ↑ Francis, David A., Sr. et al. Maliseet - Passamaquoddy Dictionary. Mi'kmaq - Maliseet Institute
  6. ↑ Laurent, Joseph (1884). New familiar Abenakis and English dialogues the first ever published on the grammatical system.
  7. ↑ Forest, John William De (1853). History of the Indians of Connecticut from the Earliest Known Period to 1850. Archon Books. pp. 54.
  8. ↑ Nichols, John, and Earl Nyholm. (1995). A Concise Dictionary of Minnesota Ojibwe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
  9. ↑ Mcgregor, Ernest. (1994). Algonquin Lexicon. Maniwaki, QC: Kitigan Zibi Education Council.
  10. ↑ Rhodes, Richard A. (1985). Eastern Ojibwa-Chippewa-Ottawa Dictionary. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
  11. ↑ MacKenzie, Marguerite (editor). (c2007). Wasaho Ininîwimowin Dictionary (Fort Severn Cree). Kwayaciiwin Education Resource Centre.
  12. ↑ Bobbish-Salt, Luci et al. (2004–06). Northern EastCree Dictionary. Cree School Board.
  13. ↑ Neeposh, Ella et al. (2004–07). Southern EastCree Dictionary. Cree School Board.
  14. ↑ MacKenzie, Marguerite and Bill Jancewicz. (1994). Naskapi lexicon Archived 2008-05-27 at the Wayback Machine. Kawawachikamach, Quebec: Naskapi Development Corp.