People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola

People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola
Movimento Popular de Libertação de Angola
AbbreviationMPLA
ChairmanJoão Lourenço
Secretary-GeneralÁlvaro de Boavida Neto
FounderAgostinho Neto, Viriato da Cruz
Founded10 December 1956 (1956-12-10) (64 years ago)
HeadquartersLuanda, Angola
NewspaperJornal de Angola
Paramilitary wingPeople's Armed Forces for the Liberation of Angola
IdeologySocialism

Marxism–Leninism

Populism
Political positionCentre-left to Far-left
International affiliationSocialist International
SloganPeace, Work and Liberty
Party flag
Website
www.mpla.ao

The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola, also known as MPLA is a left-wing political party and a popular movement from Angola. The MPLA fought against the colonial Second Portuguese Republic (Estado Novo) in the Angolan War of Independence. The party has been the dominant party in Angola since the country's independence in 1975.

Conflicts

Angolan War of Independence

From 1961-1974, the Angolan War of Independence was fought by many parties, namely the MPLA, UNITA, FNLA, and FLEC.[source?] The MPLA fought alongside these parties for independence from Portuguese colonialism.[source?]

Angolan Civil War

From 1975-2002, the Angolan Civil War took place. The MPLA has been considered the ruling party of Angola since its victory of the Portuguese Colonial War.[source?] The war was started by the struggle for power amongst parties, where UNITA waged war with the MPLA, eventually resulting in Jonas Savimbi's death in 2002.[source?] This reduced the power of UNITA, leading to the signing of a peace treaty.[source?]

Foreign support

During both the Portuguese Colonial War and the Angolan Civil War, the MPLA received military, political and humanitarian support primarily from the governments of Algeria, Bulgaria East Germany,[1] Cape Verde, Czechoslovak,[2] the Congo, Cuba, Guinea-Bissau, Morocco, Mozambique, Nigeria, North Korea, Polish People's Republic, China, Romania, São Tomé and Príncipe, Somalia,[3] Soviet Union, Sudan,[2] Tanzania,[4] Libya[5] and SFR Yugoslavia. While China did briefly support the MPLA,[6] China also actively supported UNITA and Jonas Savimbi after Sino-Soviet split.

References

  1. ↑ Howe, Herbert M (2004). Ambiguous Order: Military Forces In African States. p. 81.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Wright, George (1997). The Destruction of a Nation: United States Policy Towards Angola Since 1945. pp. 9–10.
  3. ↑ Nzongola-Ntalaja, Georges; Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein (1986). The Crisis in Zaire. pp. 193–194.
  4. ↑ "Angola-Ascendancy of the MPLA". www.mongabay.com. Retrieved 2017-07-06.
  5. ↑ Gebril, Mahmoud (1988), Imagery and Ideology in U.S. Policy Toward Libya 1969–1982, p. 70
  6. ↑ China Study Centre (India) (1964). China Report. p. 25.


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