PROFILPELAJAR.COM

Oxonium ion

This article is about the group of ions. For the ion with the systematic name "oxonium", see hydronium.

In chemistry, an oxonium ion is a type of cation (chemical compound with positive electric charge) that contains an oxygen atom with three chemical bonds.[1] Hydronium is the simplest oxonium ion, where oxygen is bonded to three hydrogen atoms.

Types

Oxonium ions are divided up by degree of substitution. Starting from hydronium, replacing one hydrogen atom gives a primary oxonium, replacing two gives secondary oxonium, and replacing all three gives tertiary oxonium.[2] This is similar to the naming of amines, which are isoelectronic to oxonium ions.

Primary and secondary oxonium compounds are important reaction intermediates in elimination reactions. Protonation of alcohols and ethers gives primary and secondary oxonium ions, which break apart more easily than the original chemicals. The dehydration of alcohols to alkenes and the breaking up of ethers both have oxonium intermediates.[3][4]

Tertiary oxonium compounds are strong ingredients for alkylation reactions (adding alkyl groups like −CH3 to molecules). They are usually produced as tetrafluoroborate salts.[5]

Structure

Most oxonium ions have a pyramidal molecular geometry.

References

  1. ↑ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "oxonium ions". doi:10.1351/goldbook.O04378
  2. ↑ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical Terminology, 5th ed. (the "Gold Book") (2025). Online version: (2006–) "onium compounds". doi:10.1351/goldbook.O04291
  3. ↑ John McMurry (2023-09-20). "Reactions of Alcohols". Organic Chemistry, a 10th Edition. OpenStax.
  4. ↑ John McMurry (2023-09-20). "Reactions of Ethers: Acidic Cleavage". Organic Chemistry, a 10th Edition. OpenStax.
  5. ↑ T.J. Curphey (1971). "Trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate". Organic Syntheses. 51: 142.

Content Disclaimer

Informasi ini disarikan dari Wikipedia dan disajikan kembali untuk tujuan edukasi. Konten tersedia di bawah lisensi CC BY-SA 3.0. Kami tidak bertanggung jawab atas ketidakakuratan data yang bersumber dari kontribusi publik tersebut.

  1. The information displayed on this website is sourced in part or in whole from Wikipedia and has been adapted for the purpose of restating it. We strive to provide accurate and relevant information, however:
  2. There is no guarantee of absolute accuracy. Wikipedia is an open, collaborative project that can be edited by anyone, so information is subject to change.
  3. It is not intended to constitute professional advice. The content displayed is for informational and educational purposes only. For important decisions (e.g., medical, legal, or financial), please consult a professional.
  4. Content copyright. Wikipedia is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License (CC BY-SA). This means that content may be reused with appropriate attribution and shared under a similar license.
  5. Responsible use. Any risk arising from the use of information from this website is entirely the responsibility of the user.