The Missouri Valley Football Conference (MVFC) is a group of 11 colleges and universities in the Midwestern United States who play football against one another. Each school plays the others every season, and the conference champion earns a place in the NCAA Division I Football Championship, the postseason tournament of the second-level Football Championship Subdivision (FCS).

The MVFC has a confusing history that is closely tied to that of two other existing conferences: the Missouri Valley Conference (MVC) and the Association of Mid-Continent Universities (AMCU), now known as The Summit League. In the 1984 season, the last in which both of these conferences played football, all of the AMCU football schools were members of NCAA Division I-AA, now known as FCS. The MVC had schools that played in both DIvision I-A (today's Football Bowl Subdivision) and Division I-AA. The AMCU dropped football after the 1984 season, and the MVC announced it would do the same after the 1985 season. Beginning with the 1985 season, all of the remaining AMCU football teams, plus the MVC's I-AA teams, joined the Gateway Collegiate Athletic Conference (Gateway), which had sponsored only women's sports. Most of the schools in the Gateway were also MVC members. The MVC's I-AA football teams had membership in the MVC and Gateway in the 1985 season.

In 1992, the women's portion of the Gateway merged into the MVC. At that time, the Gateway became a football-only conference, changing its name to Gateway Football Conference. In 2008, the Gateway (which now had five MVC members) changed its name to the current Missouri Valley Football Conference. The MVFC and MVC are still legally separate, but operate out of the same offices in St. Louis.

• Illinois State University
• Indiana State University
• Missouri State University – leaving in 2025 for Conference USA
• University of North Dakota
• North Dakota State University
• University of Northern Iowa
• University of South Dakota
• South Dakota State University
• Southern Illinois University Carbondale (usually called "Southern Illinois")
• Youngstown State University

Two schools that were in the MVFC during the Gateway era have moved to other conferences.

• Eastern Illinois University – member from 1985–1995; left for the Ohio Valley Conference (OVC). EIU remains in the OVC, but the OVC and Big South Conference effectively merged their football leagues in 2023 as the Big South–OVC Football Association.
• Western Kentucky University – member from 2001–2006; upgraded its football program to the top-level Division I FBS. It was already a non-football member of the Sun Belt Conference, and later played football in the Sun Belt as well. WKU has since moved to Conference USA.

Another school left after the 2023 season:

• Western Illinois University – member from 1985–2024. WIU left the non-football Summit League for the OVC in July 2023, but stayed in the MVFC for the 2023 football season before aligning football with the rest of its teams. From 2024, WIU football will play in the Big South–OVC alliance.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Missouri Valley Football Conference.

• "Missouri Valley Football Conference". valley-football.org. Retrieved 2012-07-07.