A 3-axis example of a vertical milling machine

Milling is a method of shaping materials by using special tools that spin and cut away excess material from a piece of work. The process involves guiding a cutting tool into the material to create a desired shape. This can be done by moving the tool in different directions and adjusting its speed and pressure.

Milling is widely used to make various parts, ranging from small components to large and heavy-duty items. It is a popular method for crafting custom parts with great precision. ^[1]

Milling can be done using different machines. Initially, there were machines called milling machines, often just referred to as mills. However, with technological advancements, we now have more advanced machines known as machining centers. These modern machines come with automatic tool changers, tool magazines, computer control, and other features.

These machines are broadly classified into two types: vertical machining centers (VMCs) and horizontal machining centers (HMCs), depending on how the cutter moves relative to the workpiece.^[2]

In the 1960s, the introduction of computer numerical control (CNC) transformed milling machines into what we now call machining centers. These centers are equipped with advanced features like automatic tool changes, computer control, and cooling systems.

Over time, the idea of combining milling with turning operations emerged. Initially, live tooling was introduced for lathes, and mills were occasionally used for turning. This led to the development of multitasking machines (MTMs). MTMs are designed to handle both milling and turning within the same workspace, making the manufacturing process more efficient.^[3]

In summary, milling is a versatile (all-around) method used for shaping materials precisely. From basic milling machines to advanced machining centers and multitasking machines, the evolution of milling has played a crucial role in modern manufacturing. Whether you're crafting a small component or a heavy-duty part, milling is a go-to process for achieving accuracy and customization in production.