Kasuga-taisha 春日大社
The middle gate and hall Kasuga-taisha
Religion
Affiliation	Shinto
Deity	Kasuga-no-Kami[1] Takemikazuchi-o Futsunushi Ame-no-Koyane Himegami Ame-no-Oshikumone
Festival	Kasuga-no-matsuri (Kasuga-sai: 春日祭) (13 March)
Type	Twenty-Two Shrines Chokusaisha Beppyo jinja, Shikinaisya Former kanpeitaisha
Location
Location	160 Kasugano-chō, Nara-shi, Nara-ken
Shown within Japan
Geographic coordinates	34°40′53″N 135°50′54″E / 34.68139°N 135.84833°E / 34.68139; 135.84833
Architecture
Architectural style	Kasuga-zukuri
Date established	768
Website
www.kasugataisha.or.jp
Glossary of Shinto

Kasuga-taisha (春日大社) is a Shinto shrine in Nara, Japan. It was built in 768 CE for the Fujiwara family. It has been rebuilt many times. Inside, it is famous for its bronze and stone lanterns. The shrine's design is called Kasuga-zukuri. It influenced many other religious gates in Japan, called Torii. Kasuga Shrine and the forest nearby are very important historical places and are protected by UNESCO. It is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site as part of the "Historic Monuments of Ancient Nara". To get to the shrine, you walk through a deer park. The deer are free and are thought to be holy messengers. The shrine and the deer are shown in many old Japanese paintings. There are over three thousand stone lanterns along the path. There is also a garden next to the shrine.^[2]

The shrine worships Kasuga-no-Kami,^[1] a god with five parts:

1. Takemikazuchi-o
2. Futsunushi
3. Ame-no-Koyane
4. Himegami
5. Ame-no-Oshikumone

According to legend, the kami of Kasuga-taisha, Takemikazuchi, rode on the back of a white deer to the top of Mount Wakakusa in 768 CE.^[3] This kami is said to have traveled from the Kashima Jingu Shrine in order to protect Nara.^[4] The shrine location first received favor from the Imperial government in the Heian period as a result of the power from the Fujiwara family as well as Empress Shōtoku.^[5]

Futsunushi no mikoto is the second deity of the shrine.^[6]

Two gods were moved from Hiraoka Shrine to this shrine. That shrine was the shrine of the Nakatomi clan. When the Fujiwara clan moved to this shrine, they brought Ame-no-Koyane and Himegami to Kasuga taisha, and called Hiraoka Shrine Moto-Kasuga ("former Kasuga").^[7][8]

These four gods are worshipped as one god called Kasuga-no-Kami.^[9] Each god has a buddhist part too.^[10]

A fifth god named Ame-no-Oshikumone, was added later. He is the son of Ame-no-Koyane and Himegami.^[10] He is also the ancestor of the Nakatomi clan and Fujiwara clan.^[11][12] Later people started worshipping other groups of gods as one like this.^[13]

From 1871 to 1946, Kasuga Shrine was officially ranked as a Kanpei-taisha or the highest rank in the Kanpei-taisha (官幣大社).

The four main kami enshrined here are Ame-no-Koyane, Himegami, Futsunushi no mikoto, and Takemikazuchi no mikoto.^[14] Though these are the primary divine beings of Kasuga taisha, they are often grouped together as a syncretic, combined deity known as Kasuga Daimyōjin.^[3] Kasuga Daimyōjin is composed of five divine beings and each consists of a Buddhist deity and Shinto kami counterpart. The fifth deity, Ame-no-Oshikumone, was added much later and is said to be the divine child of Ame-no-Koyane and Himegami.^[15] The importance of the multifaceted kami was that it became a template for future worshipers who wanted to combine several deities to pray to at once.^[16]

1. ↑ ^{1.0 1.1} Tyler, Royall (2016). The miracles of the Kasuga deity. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231534765. OCLC 954193203.
2. ↑ Birmingham Museum of Art (2010). Birmingham Museum of Art : guide to the collection. [Birmingham, Ala]: Birmingham Museum of Art. p. 46. ISBN 978-1-904832-77-5.
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1} Tyler, Royall (2016). The miracles of the Kasuga deity. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231534765. OCLC 954193203.
4. ↑ "Main Sanctuary". www.kasugataisha.or.jp. Archived from the original on 2019-06-24. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
5. ↑ "世界遺産 春日大社 公式ホームページ". www.kasugataisha.or.jp. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2019-03-28.
6. ↑ Grapard, Allan G. (1992). The protocol of the gods: a study of the Kasuga cult in Japanese history. University of California Press. ISBN 0520070976. OCLC 25873140.
7. ↑ Yoshiki, Emi (2007). Zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' tettei gaido (in Japanese). PHP Institute. ISBN 978-4569669304.
8. ↑ Okada, Shoji (2014). Taiyō no chizuchō 24 zenkoku 'Ichinomiya' meguri (in Japanese). Heibonsha. ISBN 978-4582945614.
9. ↑ Tyler, Royall (2016). The miracles of the Kasuga deity. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231534765. OCLC 954193203.
10. ↑ ^{10.0 10.1} Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth (1999). Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
11. ↑ Shibata, Joue. Saitama Sōsho. (1929) Volume 1: Chichibu Shi, p 111, Chichibu hikomikoto o keizu 『埼玉叢書. 第1巻』内『秩父志』内111頁「秩父彦命御系図」. Sanmeisha
12. ↑ Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth (1999). Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
13. ↑ Ashkenazi, Michael (2011). Handbook of Japanese mythology. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781849728560. OCLC 755870995.
14. ↑ Grapard, Allan G. (1992). The protocol of the gods: a study of the Kasuga cult in Japanese history. University of California Press. ISBN 0520070976. OCLC 25873140.
15. ↑ Ten Grotenhuis, Elizabeth (1999). Japanese mandalas : representations of sacred geography. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0824820002. OCLC 39181008.
16. ↑ Ashkenazi, Michael (2011). Handbook of Japanese mythology. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 9781849728560. OCLC 755870995.