When the Civil War started, Johnston resigned from the U.S. army and joined the Confederate army. He was the second commander of the Army of Northern Virginia.[1] He was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines. He commanded the Army of Tennessee during the Atlanta Campaign. He was fired in July 1864. He was then placed back in command of the Army of Tennessee in March 1865. He commanded the army during the Battle of Benonville. He surrendered his army in April 1865. He died in 1891 in Washington, D.C.