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The Indian National Satellite System or INSAT in short is a series of many geostationary satellites. They were launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) for multiple purposes like telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology, and search and rescue operations. INSAT was commissioned in 1983. It is the largest domestic communication system in the Indo-Pacific region. The satellites are made possible by the Department of Space, Department of Telecommunications, India Meteorological Department, All India Radio and Doordarshan. The operations of the INSAT system are handled by the Secretary-level INSAT Coordination Committee.

INSAT satellites provide transponders used for communication to serve the television and communication needs of India. Some of the satellites also have devices like VHRR, CCD cameras to take weather pictures. The satellites also help in receiving distress alert signals to help in search and rescue missions in South Asia and the Indian Ocean, as ISRO is a member of the Cospas-Sarsat program.

INSAT system

INSAT started with the launch of INSAT-1B in August 1983. INSAT-1A, the first satellite with 'A' in its name, was launched before 1B in April 1982 but it did not work. INSAT system helped improve television, radio, phone services and weather forecasting in India, even in remote areas and islands. Some of the INSATs also carry instruments for meteorological observation and data relay for providing meteorological services. KALPANA-1 satellite is used specially only for weather. The satellites are controlled by Master Control Facilities that exist in Hassan and Bhopal.

List of INSAT satellites

Satellite	Date of launch	Launch vehicle	Status
INSAT series	Date of launch	Launch vehicle	Status
INSAT-1A	10 April 1982	Delta 3910 / PAM-D	No More Used
INSAT-1B	30 August 1983	Space Shuttle / PAM-D	No More Used
INSAT-1C	21 July 1988	Ariane 3	No More Used
INSAT-1D	9 July 1992	Delta 4925	No More Used
INSAT-2A	22 July 1993	Ariane 44L H10	No More Used
INSAT-2B	12 June 1990	Ariane 44L H10+	No More Used
INSAT-2C	6 December 1995	Ariane 44L H10-3	Still Used
INSAT-2D	3 June 1997	Ariane 44L H10-3	No More Used
INSAT-2DT	26 February 1992	Ariane 44L H10	No More Used
INSAT-2E	2 April 1999	Ariane 42P H10-3	Still Used
INSAT-3A	9 April 2003	Ariane 5G	Still Used
INSAT-3B	21 March 2000	Ariane 5G	Still Used
INSAT-3C	23 January 2002	Ariane 42L H10-3	Still Used
INSAT-3D	25 July 2013	Ariane 5 ECA	Still Used
INSAT-3DR	8 September 2016	GSLV Mk II	Still Used
INSAT-3DS	17 February 2024	GSLV Mk II	Still Used
INSAT-3E	21 December 2003	Ariane 5G	No More Used
INSAT-4A	27 September 2005	Ariane 5GS	No More Used
INSAT-4B	11 March 2007	Ariane 5 ECA	No More Used
INSAT-4C	10 July 2006	GSLV Mk I	FAILED
INSAT-4CR	2 September 2007	GSLV Mk I	No More Used
INSAT-4D	-	GSLV Mk I	CANCELLED
INSAT-4E	27 August 2015	GSLV Mk II	Still Used
INSAT-4F	29 August 2013	Ariane 5 ECA	Still Used
INSAT-4G	20 May 2011	Ariane 5 ECA	Still Used