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Incitatus

John Victor Adams' drawing of Caligula and Incitatus.

Incitatus was Roman Emperor Caligula's favorite horse. He lived in Ancient Rome around 40 CE. His name means "fast-moving" in Latin.

There is a story that Caligula made his horse a senator, but it is probably not true. According to historian Mary Beard, no ancient historian who was alive at the same time as Caligula ever said Caligula really made Incitatus a senator, and it is likely that he only told a joke about doing it.[1]

Ancient historians do say Caligula gave his horse many gifts. In 121 c.e.,[2] in his book The Twelve Caesars, the historian Suetonius says of Incitatus: "Besides a stall of marble, a manger of ivory, purple blankets and a collar of precious stones, he even gave this horse a house, a troop of slaves and furniture, for the more elegant entertainment of the guests invited in his name; and it is also said that he planned to make him consul."[3][4]

In fiction

In Robert Graves' 1934 book I, Claudius, the fictional Caligula does make the fictional Incitatus a senator and gives him an ivory trough to eat out of.[5] This is one of the ways Graves shows that Caligula has become mentally unstable. After Caligula dies, Claudius treats Incitatus like a normal horse again.[6]

A talking version of Incitatus appears as a villain in Rick Riordan's 2018 young adult novel The Burning Maze.

References

  1. ↑ Tom Meltzner (June 30, 2013). "Caligula with Mary Beard – TV review". Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  2. ↑ Alexander Thomson (ed.). "C. Suetonius Tranquillus, The Lives of the Caesars". Tufts University. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  3. ↑ Suetonius (1913). "The Twelve Caesars". Loeb Classical Library. Retrieved June 29, 2020.
  4. ↑ David Woods (December 2014). "Caligula, Incitatus, and the Consulship (Preview)". Classical Quarterly. 62 (2): 772–777. JSTOR 43905613. Retrieved June 30, 2020.
  5. ↑ Robert Graves (1934). I, Claudius (Vintage International 1989 ed.). Random House. p. 408. ISBN 0-679-72477-X. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  6. ↑ Robert Graves (1935). Claudius the God (Vintage International 1989 ed.). Random House. p. 101. ISBN 0-679-72573-3. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)

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