Extraversion and introversion

Traits of introversion and extraversion.

Introversion and extraversion (also spelled extroversion[1]) are ways of describing a person's personality.[2] People who are more extraverted are called extraverts (or extroverts). People who are more introverted are called introverts.

This idea was proposed by psychiatrist Carl Jung in the 1920s.[3] He said that introversion and extraversion affects how people behave socially (with other people), and also where they get mental energy from. Introverts prefer being alone and extraverts prefer being with other people. Introverts get energy and pleasure from self-reflection, and may feel tired after being around other people.[4] Extraverts are the opposite. They get energy from spending time with other people, and may feel bored and tired after being alone.[5]

The spectrum of extraversion and introversion, from a book by author Susan Cain. Extraversion is on the far left, where it says people have a "preference for more stimulating environments". Introversion is on the far right, where it says people have a "preference for less stimulating environments". In the middle is ambiversion.
The spectrum of introversion and extraversion.

Introversion and extraversion exists on a spectrum.[2] Everyone has a different amount of introverted and extraverted personality traits. People with more extraverted traits are called extraverts (or extroverts), and people with more introverted traits are called introverts. People who are around the middle of the spectrum may be called ambiverts.[6]

Introversion vs. shyness and social anxiety

Differences between introversion, shyness, and social anxiety.

Some people mistake introversion for shyness or social anxiety because they can appear similar, but they are separate things. Introversion is a personality trait, but shyness and social anxiety are caused by distress. Introverts usually prefer being alone, but are not scared of being around other people.[7][8]

References

  1. ↑ Barnett, Greg. "Is it extraversion or extroversion?". The Predictive Index. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 "Introversion-Extraversion". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  3. ↑ Jung, Carl (1923). Psychological Types. Translated by Baynes, H. Godwyn. Zurich: Rascher Verlag. ISBN 0-691-01813-8.
  4. ↑ "Introversion". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  5. ↑ "Extraversion (extroversion)". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  6. ↑ "Ambiversion". APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved 14 November 2024.
  7. ↑ Peterson, Ashley L (November 14, 2024). "Introversion, Shyness & Social Anxiety: What's the Difference?". Mental Health at Home. Archived from the original on August 1, 2022.
  8. ↑ VanDerBill, Brittany; Silva, Sandra. "5 Myths About Shyness Debunked". PsychCentral. Retrieved 14 November 2024.