Europasaurus

Europasaurus
Temporal range: Late Jurassic, 154 Ma
↓
Restored mount of the holotype specimen
Reconstructed skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: †Sauropodomorpha
Clade: †Sauropoda
Family: †Brachiosauridae
Genus: †Europasaurus
Mateus et al. in Sander et al., 2006
Species:
†E. holgeri
Binomial name
Europasaurus holgeri
Mateus et al. in Sander et al., 2006

Europasaurus is a basal sauropod from the titanosaur clade, but very much smaller than usual.[1]

This quadrupedal herbivorous dinosaur lived during the Upper Jurassic (middle Kimmeridgian, about 154 million years ago). It was found in northern Germany. It is an example of insular dwarfism. This means it probably came from an isolated sauropod population on an island in the Lower Saxony basin.

Small sauroopods with an adult body mass less than five tonnes are rare, and small sauropod bones usually come from juveniles. This species was a small adult, based on its bone histology. It was a dwarf species.

There are fossils from more than 11 individuals of 1.7 to 6.2 m in total body length. These size differences between the specimens are due to growth stages, from juveniles to fully grown individuals. The little dinosaurs must have lived on one of the large islands around the Lower Saxony basin.

A similar discovery was made in Transylvania at the start of the 20th century. a local aristocrat, Franz Nopcsa, found the fossils on his estate. He realised they might have lived on an island, because he knew that dwarf elephants had lived on islands in the Ice Age.[2] Nopsca's estate was ruined by World War I, but his find was recorded as Magyarosaurus.

Reference

  1. ↑ Sander P.M. et al 2006. Bone histology indicates insular dwarfism in a new late Jurassic sauropod dinosaur. Nature 441 (7094): 739–741. [1]
  2. ↑ Barras, Colin 2014. Did dinosaurs exist as dwrfs? BBC News. [2]

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