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Posthumous name
	Chinese-style shigō:; Empress Kōgyoku (皇極天皇); Empress Saimei (斉明天皇); ; Japanese-style shigō:; Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashi-hime no Sumeramikoto (天豊財重日足姫天皇)

Empress Kōgyoku / Empress Saimei
皇極天皇 / 斉明天皇
Empress Kōgyoku / Empress Saimei; 皇極天皇 / 斉明天皇
Empress regnant of Japan; (Kōgyoku, first reign)
Reign	19 February 642 – 12 July 645
Predecessor	Jomei
Successor	Kōtoku
Born	Takara (宝); 7 August 594; Japan
Died	24 August 661 (aged 66–67); Asakura no Miya
Spouse	Emperor Jomei
Issue	Emperor Tenji; Emperor Tenmu; Princess Hashihito;
Posthumous name
Posthumous name
	Chinese-style shigō:; Empress Kōgyoku (皇極天皇); Empress Saimei (斉明天皇); ; Japanese-style shigō:; Ametoyotakaraikashihitarashi-hime no Sumeramikoto (天豊財重日足姫天皇)
Father	Prince Chinu
Mother	Princess Kibitsu-hime

Empress Kōgyoku, also known as Empress Saimei, was a monarch of Japan who ruled twice and is considered the 35th^[1] and 37th ruler^[1] according to traditional succession.^[2]

Empress Kōgyoku reigned twice, first as Kōgyoku from 642 to 645, and then again as Saimei from 655 to 661.

642: Kōgyoku became empress but stepped down after Soga no Iruka's assassination. 645: Kōgyoku abdicated to her brother, Emperor Kōtoku. 654: Emperor Kōtoku died and the throne was empty. 655: Kōgyoku became empress again, now known as Saimei. 661: Saimei died and the throne was vacant again.

This one woman ruled twice from 642 to 645 and from 655 to 661..^[3]

Kōgyoku was a Japanese empress who ruled twice in the 7th century. She was the second woman to rule as empress, after Suiko-tennō. Six more women became empresses after her.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Imperial Household Agency (Kunaichō): 皇極(こうぎょく)天皇 (35) and 齊明(さいめい)天皇 (37)
↑ bPonsonby-Fane, Richard. (1959). The Imperial House of Japan, pp. 49, 51.
↑ Brown, Delmer et al. (1979). Gokanshō, p. 265–267; Varley, H. Paul. (1980). Jinnō Shōtōki. p. 130–134; Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon, pp. 43–54., p. 43, at Google Books