Unicus de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2019
Relictus de Sá, Tonini, van Huss, Long, Cuddy, Forlani, Peloso, Zaher, and Haddad, 2018 "2019" – preoccupied by Relictus Hubbs and Miller 1972
Relictocleis Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021
Chiasmocleis is a genus of frogs in the family Microhylidae.[1][2] They live in tropical South America north and east of the Andes. English speakers call them humming frogs or silent frogs.[1]
Taxonomy
Scientists have trouble deciding where to put this genus because it looks like not all of these frogs have the same ancestor. As of mid 2021,[1] scientists agreed to put frogs that used to be in the genus Syncope into Chiasmocleis, but they also agreed to make three clades into subgenera:[1][3]
Chiasmocleis Méhelÿ, 1904
Syncope Walker, 1973
Relictocleis Dubois, Ohler, and Pyron, 2021 (syn. Unicus, Relictus)
Of these, Relictocleis is the most different from the other two.[3] Some scientists think it should be its own genus. Relictocleis gnoma would be its only species.[1]
Chiasmocleis frogs have small bodies and small legs. The male and female frogs look different: Male frogs have darker chins, and some of them have spines. The frogs from the subgenus Syncope are even smaller and have fewer bones in their paws and tose. Relictocleis frogs are also very small.[3]
Ecology
Chiasmocleis live underground some or most of the time. They are hard to see against dirt or dead leaves. They only look for food on the surface for a few days during the time when they lay eggs. This is at the beginning of the rainy season. They live in both forests and open places.[3]
