Cerebrovascular disease, stroke or cerebrovascular accident,^[1] is a vascular disease of the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen to the brain are affected which results in one of a number of cerebrovascular diseases. Commonest is a stroke or mini-stroke or sometimes hemorrhagic stroke. Any of these can result in vascular dementia.^[2]

Causes of cerebrovascular disease can be divided into: atherosclerosis, embolism, aneurysms, low flow states, and other, rare, causes.^[3] Major modifiable risk factors include:^[4]

• hypertension
• smoking
• obesity
• diabetes.

Treatment for cerebrovascular disease includes medication, lifestyle changes and surgery.^[5]

Examples of these medications are:

• Antiplatelets (Aspirin, Clopidogrel)
• Blood thinners (Heparin, Warfarin )
• Antihypertensives (ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers)
• Anti-diabetic medications

Surgical procedures include:

• Endovascular surgery and Vascular surgery (for future stroke prevention)

• Walter Cronkite, American news journalist. Died in 2010.
• Roberts Blossom, American actor and poet. Died in 2011.
• Shirley Hufstedler, American judge, first United States Secretary of Education. Died in 2016.

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