CD-R

A CD-R (also called Compact Disc Recordable) is a compact disc that can be recorded once. When people record a compact disc, they put either music or data on it, or sometimes both, which is called an enhanced CD.

A compact disc that can be recorded multiple times (and erased) is the CD-RW.

When you put data onto a CD, it is called burning a disc.[1] A laser "burns" pits into a dye layer on the disc, making them transparent. These transparent pits can later be read back by the CD drive or audio CD player as data or music.

The first CD-Rs from the early 1990s held 63 minutes of audio. In the mid-1990s, 74-minute discs became common. Most CD-Rs made from 2000 onward hold 80 minutes, or 700 MB of data. 90 and 99-minute CD-Rs are available since 2000,[2] although they are non-standard and many players and recorders do not support them.

There are three types of dye used in CD-R discs. The most common is phthalocyanine, and it is usually light green. CMC Pro (formerly Taiyo Yuden) uses cyanine dye. It is usually teal or dark green. Verbatim uses phthalocyanine dye on some discs, and AZO dye on others. AZO dye is usually dark blue or blue-ish silver. The metal layer on the disc is usually made of silver. Archival discs and some professional audio discs use a gold top layer. Verbatim UltraLife discs have a silver main layer, and a gold upper protective layer, providing the reflectivity of silver and the chemical stability of gold. Early cyanine discs could decay and become unplayable within a few years. Recent cyanine discs have preservatives added to the dye to prevent this from happening. AZO and phthalocyanine dyes do not need preservatives and do not decay easily. Phthalocyanine is the most stable and longest-lasting dye, but it requires a more precisely calibrated laser than AZO or cyanine to get a good, error-free burn. A recording laser with too much or too little power will produce a poor recording on phthalocyanine dye.

There are two types of blank CD-R, "music" and "data". The only difference is that "music" discs have a bit set on the disc that indicates a royalty was paid to the music industry. Consumer-grade music recorders look for this bit and will not record to discs without it. This is done to meet the requirements of the Audio Home Recording Act and similar laws. Professional equipment (including rackmount audio CD recorders and all computer drives) is not affected and will record to either type of disc. The bit has no effect on playback once the disc has been recorded.

References

  1. ↑ Williams, Gareth (2007). Student Handbook for ICT: KS3 (Third ed.). Pearson Publishing. ISBN 9781857498721.
  2. ↑ "99 Minutes CD-R". CD Media World. Retrieved 25 February 2023.

Read other articles:

The Choirboys (film)

1977 film by Robert Aldrich The ChoirboysDirected byRobert AldrichWritten byJennifer MillerProduced byMerv AdelsonLee RichStarring Charles Durning Louis Gossett Jr. Perry King Clyde Kusatsu Stephen Macht Tim McIntire Randy Quaid Chuck Sacci Don Stroud James Woods Burt Young CinematographyJoseph BirocEdited byWilliam MartinIrving RosenblumMaury WinetrobeMusic byFrank De VolProductioncompanyLorimar ProductionsDistributed byUniversal PicturesRelease date December 23, 1977 (1977-12...

 

Stroganoff daging sapi

Beef Stroganoff atau Stroganoff Daging Sapi. Stroganoff daging sapi (bahasa Rusia: бефстроганов befstróganov;[1] bahasa Inggris: beef Stroganoff) adalah sajian daging sapi khas dari Rusia, yakni daging sapi yang ditumis lalu disajikan di dalam saus dengan smetana (krim asam). Dari asal-usulnya di Rusia pada pertengahan abad ke-19, hidangan ini telah menyebar di seluruh dunia dengan berbagai variasi dari resep aslinya. Nama Berbagai penjelasan diberikan untuk stroganoff da...

 

Safi’i Kemamang

Safi'i Kemamang (lahir 5 Juni 1976) adalah seorang aktivis Partai Rakyat Demokratik (PRD) di Jawa Timur yang bergerak secara bawah tanah. Safi'i Kemamang menciptakan lagu Pembebasan atau Buruh Tani untuk menyemangati mereka yang tengah berjuang dalam rezim Orde Baru.[1] Safi’i Kemamang lahir dengan nama Arifin di Lamongan, Jawa Timur. Safi’i lahir dari keluarga petani miskin. Kakek, nenek, bapak, ibu dan anggota keluarga yang lain adalah para petani. Nama bapaknya adalah Mustofa d...

Ambush marketing

Type of marketing strategy A billboard for Sanford Health placed on the exterior of the Target Center, adjacent to Target Field, so that it is visible from within to compete with a sponsorship held by a competitor. Ambush marketing or ambush advertising is a marketing strategy in which an advertiser ambushes an event to compete for exposure against other advertisers. The term was coined by marketing strategist Jerry Welsh, while he was working as the manager of global marketing efforts for Am...

 

Pishva

City in Tehran province, Iran For the administrative divisions, see Pishva County and Pishva Rural District. City in Tehran, IranPishva Persian: پيشواCityThe city of PishvaPishvaCoordinates: 35°18′24″N 51°43′14″E / 35.30667°N 51.72056°E / 35.30667; 51.72056[1]CountryIranProvinceTehranCountyPishvaDistrictCentralElevation937 m (3,074 ft)Population (2016)[2] • Total59,184Time zoneUTC+3:30 (IRST) Historical Popula...

 

Paulist Productions

Catholic film production company This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Paulist Productions – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Paulist ProductionsCompany typePrivateIndustryEntertainmentFounded1960; 64 years ag...

Синелобый амазон

Синелобый амазон Научная классификация Домен:ЭукариотыЦарство:ЖивотныеПодцарство:ЭуметазоиБез ранга:Двусторонне-симметричныеБез ранга:ВторичноротыеТип:ХордовыеПодтип:ПозвоночныеИнфратип:ЧелюстноротыеНадкласс:ЧетвероногиеКлада:АмниотыКлада:ЗавропсидыКласс:Пт�...

 

Gerald Lathbury

British Army general (1906–1978) GeneralSir Gerald LathburyGeneral Sir Gerald Lathbury, seen here as Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), East Africa, in May 1955.Nickname(s)LegsBorn(1906-07-14)14 July 1906Murree, British India[1]Died16 May 1978(1978-05-16) (aged 71)Mortimer, Berkshire, England[1]AllegianceUnited KingdomService/branchBritish ArmyYears of service1926–1965RankGeneralService number34384UnitOxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light InfantryCommands held3rd Parac...

 

Washington State Department of Transportation

Government agency in Washington (state), United States This article may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The talk page may contain suggestions. (December 2022) Washington State Department of TransportationDepartment overviewFormedSeptember 21, 1977 (1977-09-21)[1]Preceding agenciesWashington State Department of HighwaysWashington State Aeronautics CommissionWashington State Toll Bridge AuthorityWashington State Canal Commi...

コルク

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。（このテンプレートの使い方）出典検索?: コルク – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL（2017年4月） コルクを打ち抜いて作った瓶の栓 コルク（木栓、�...

 

Contea di Johnson (Wyoming)

Questa voce sull'argomento contee del Wyoming è solo un abbozzo. Contribuisci a migliorarla secondo le convenzioni di Wikipedia. Contea di Johnsoncontea LocalizzazioneStato Stati Uniti Stato federato Wyoming AmministrazioneCapoluogoBuffalo Data di istituzione1875 TerritorioCoordinatedel capoluogo44°02′24″N 106°35′24″W / 44.04°N 106.59°W44.04; -106.59 (Contea di Johnson)Coordinate: 44°02′24″N 106°35′24″W / 44.04°N 106.59...

 

سكان الجمهورية العربية الصحراوية الديمقراطية

تعتمد هذه المقالة اعتماداً كاملاً أو شبه كامل على مصدر وحيد. فضلاً، ساهم في تحسين هذه المقالة بإضافة مصادر إضافية لضمان وجهة النظر المحايدة. التركيبة السكانية للصحراء الغربية في إطار العمل من التركيبة السكانية للأراضي إقليم متنازع عليه تحت حكم المملكة المغربية. و التي تطا...

Cole Figueroa

American baseball player (born 1987) Baseball player Cole FigueroaFigueroa with the Fort Wayne TinCaps in 2009InfielderBorn: (1987-06-30) June 30, 1987 (age 36)Tallahassee, Florida, U.S.Batted: LeftThrew: RightMLB debutMay 16, 2014, for the Tampa Bay RaysLast MLB appearanceJune 10, 2016, for the Pittsburgh PiratesMLB statisticsBatting average.208Home runs0Runs batted in9 Teams Tampa Bay Rays (2014) New York Yankees (2015) Pittsburgh Pirates (2016) Stephen Co...

 

Cámara de los Diputados (Guinea Ecuatorial)

Cámara de los Diputados Información generalCreación 1982Tipo Cámara bajaLiderazgoPresidente Gaudencio Mohaba Mesu (PDGE)desde el 2013 Vicepresidente Salomón Nguema Owono (PDGE)desde el 2020[1]​ Vicepresidenta Evangelina Oyó Ebule (PDGE)desde el 2018 ComposiciónMiembros 100 Legisladores Grupos representados   100   Partido Democrático de Guinea Ecuatorial y aliadosSitio web www.guineaecuatorialpress.com/gobierno.php[editar datos en Wik...

 

2016–17 in Scottish football

Football in ScotlandSeason2016–17 ← 2015–16 2017–18 → 2016–17 in Scottish footballPremiership championsCelticChampionship championsHibernianLeague 1 championsLivingstonLeague 2 championsArbroathScottish Cup winnersCelticLeague Cup winnersCelticChallenge Cup winnersDundee UnitedYouth Cup winnersCelticTeams in EuropeCeltic, Aberdeen, Heart of Midlothian, HibernianScotland national team2018 FIFA World Cup qualification The 2016–17 season was the 120th season of c...

العلاقات الليبيرية المالاوية

العلاقات الليبيرية المالاوية ليبيريا مالاوي   ليبيريا   مالاوي تعديل مصدري - تعديل   العلاقات الليبيرية المالاوية هي العلاقات الثنائية التي تجمع بين ليبيريا ومالاوي.[1][2][3][4][5] مقارنة بين البلدين هذه مقارنة عامة ومرجعية للدولتين: وجه المقا...

 

NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka

Japanese rugby union club, based in Osaka This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: NTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes Osaka – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Rugby teamNTT DoCoMo Red Hurricanes OsakaNTTドコモレッドハリケーンズ...

 

Supervulkan

Peta supervulkan yang dikenal di seluruh dunia:   Skala ledakan vulkanis (VEI) 8   Skala ledakan vulkanis (VEI) 7 Supervulkan, sering pula disebut gunung berapi super atau gunung berapi raksasa adalah gunung berapi yang mampu menghasilkan letusan vulkanis dengan ejekta lebih besar dari 1.000 kilometer kubik, yang lebih besar dari peristiwa vulkanis manapun dalam sejarah.[1] Supervulkan dapat terjadi ketika magma di Bumi naik ke kerak tetapi tidak mampu melewati ker...

Glyptothek

This article is about the museum in Munich. For the museum in Copenhagen, see Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek. For the album by Momus, see Glyptothek (album). Art museum in Munich, GermanyGlyptothekGlyptothekThe Glyptothek in MunichLocationMunich, GermanyCoordinates48°08′47″N 11°33′57″E / 48.14639°N 11.56583°E / 48.14639; 11.56583TypeArt museumWebsitewww.antike-am-koenigsplatz.mwn.de/en/ The Glyptothek (German: [ɡlʏptoˈteːk] ⓘ) is a museum in Munich, G...

 

Anti-impérialisme

Caricature de 1912 sur la doctrine Monroe et l'ingérence des États-Unis dans la politique des pays de l'Amérique du Sud L'anti-impérialisme est l’opposition à l'impérialisme, c'est-à-dire à la stratégie ou à la doctrine politique consistant pour un État ou un groupe d'États à mettre un autre État ou groupe d'États plus faible[1] sous sa dépendance politique, économique et culturelle par la conquête militaire ou toute autre forme de coercition. Cette opposition est corollai...