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Bolama question

Bolama Island.
Map of the disputed area and nearby islands.
Ulysses S. Grant Square, Bolama, Guinea-Bissau (The original statue was bronze, but a new cement one was recently installed).

The Bolama question was a military[1] and diplomatic conflict between Portugal and the United Kingdom. It lasted from 1834 to 1870 and was about who had control over Bolama Island and a small nearby area.[2]

History

The conflict began in 1792 when a group of British settlers tried to create a colony on Bolama Island.[3] The colony did not last, but starting in 1834, the United Kingdom claimed the island again while working to stop the Atlantic slave trade.[4]

The conflict was decided in 1870 by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant, who ruled in favor of Portugal. This decision made Bolama officially part of Portuguese Guinea, now Guinea-Bissau.[5] [6] [7]

After the decision, the British government agreed to accept the outcome. The Portuguese governor of Cape Verde, Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque, went to Bolama to officially take possession of the island. In a ceremony, the British flag was lowered, and the Portuguese flag was raised.[8]

References

  1. ↑ Gomes, Américo. (2012). "História da Guiné-Bissau em datas" (PDF).
  2. ↑ António dos Mártires Lopes, A questão de Bolama: pendência entre Portugal e Inglaterra. Agência-Geral do Ultramar, Lisbon, 1970.
  3. ↑ Philip Beaver, African Memoranda Relative to an Attempt to establish a British Settlement on the Island of Bolama in the year 1792. London, 1805.
  4. ↑ "Vessels seized or destroyed, West Africa, 1838-1845". www.pdavis.nl. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  5. ↑ "A QUESTÃO DE BOLAMA. Comunicação apresentada pelo académico Luiz Gonzaga Ribeiro, em 2 de Julho. I. Introdução - PDF Download grátis". docplayer.com.br. Archived from the original on 2024-09-01. Retrieved 2024-09-01.
  6. ↑ Avelino Teixeira da Mota, Guiné Portuguesa (2 volumes). Agência Geral do Ultramar, Lisbon, 1954.
  7. ↑ Documentos relativos á questão dos direitos de Portugal á soberania da Ilha de Bolama e outros pontos da Guiné resolvida pelo Presidente dos Estados Unidos da America por sentença arbitral de 21 de avril de 1870: segunda collecçao: impressa por ordem do Ministerio dos Negocios Estrangeiros. Imprensa Nacional, Lisbon, 1870.
  8. ↑ The current green and red flag was adopted during the First Portuguese Republic, in the early 20th century.

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