Boeing 720

Boeing 720
Trans Polar Boeing 720 landing at Stockholm-Arlanda Airport in June 1970
Role Narrow-body jet airliner
National origin United States
Manufacturer Boeing Airplane Company
First flight November 23, 1959
Introduction July 5, 1960 with United Airlines
Status Retired
Primary users United Airlines
Western Airlines
Eastern Air Lines
Northwest Airlines
Produced 1958–1967
Number built 154[1]
Developed from Boeing 707

The Boeing 720 is a jet airliner. It has two rows of seats, which means that it is a narrow-body airliner. It has four engines. The Boeing 720 was designed by Boeing in the 1950s. It was based on the Boeing 707, but the 720 is shorter and cannot fly as far. The 720 first took off in November 1959. Airlines began to use it in July 1960.

Two versions of the plane were made. The first one had Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines and was first used in 1960. The second one is called the 720B, and it has Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan engines. It was first used in 1961. Some 720s were changed to 720Bs.

Only 154 Boeing 720s were built, but it still made Boeing a lot of money because it did not cost a lot to design.

The Boeing 720 was replaced by the Boeing 727.

Designing

Shorter range 707

A Middle East Airlines Boeing 720 in April 1982

Boeing said it would make a new type of Boeing 707 in July 1957.[1] At first, the new plane was called the 707-020, but it was changed to 720.[2] The Boeing 720 is 8 feet 4 inches (2.54 m) shorter than the Boeing 707.[3]

The 720 had a lot of changes made to the outside of the plane. These changes helped the 720 fly faster than the 707−120.[3] It had four Pratt & Whitney JT3C-7 turbojet engines. The engines made 12,500 lbf (55.6 kN) of thrust each.[4]

At one point while the plane was being designed, it was called the 717-020.[2] However, Boeing used the name "717" for a military jet, but this was changed to the MD-95 after Boeing bought McDonnell Douglas in 1997.[5]

Since the plane was so similar to the Boeing 707, no prototype Boeing 720 was needed. Any new systems were tested on the Boeing 367-80.[6] The first 720 took off on November 23, 1959.[3] It was first used by United Airlines, on July 5, 1960.[3] 65 720s were made.[7]

More changes

The 720B was a different type of 720. It had JT3D turbofan engines.[3] These engines made 17,000 lbf (75.6 kN) of thrust each.[4] The JT3D engines burned less fuel and could make more thrust.[8] The first 720B took off on October 6, 1960. The first airline to use it was American Airlines in March 1961.[4] 89 720Bs were made.[7] American Airlines also changed some of their normal 720s to 720Bs.[9]

Since the Boeing 720 was so similar to the Boeing 707, it did not cost much to design. This meant that it still earned Boeing money, even though not many planes were sold.[10] Boeing made 154 Boeing 720s and 720Bs from 1959 until 1967.[11]

Design

An Air Malta Boeing 720B at London Heathrow Airport in 1978.

Although the Boeing 720 was similar to the Boeing 707-120, it was 9 ft (2.73 m) shorter.[2] It was also lighter.[12]

Body

The 707 had emergency exits over the wings. These are called over-wing emergency exits. The back over-wing exit was removed. Two extra over-wing exits could be put in so that the plane could hold more passengers.[13]

Wings

The 720's wing was taken from the 707, but some changes were made to it. The 720 had the same wingspan as the 707-120. For the 720, the wing had something called a wing root glove.[14][15] This glove helped the wing make less drag.

Engines

Although the 720 first had turbojet engines, the Pratt & Whitney JT3D was much more popular. The JT3D was a turbofan engine. 720s which had the JT3D were called 720Bs. American Airlines changed some of their normal 720s to 720Bs.[8]

The 720 used the engines to make air to pressurize the cabin. However, the engines could not make enough air to do this, so some small holes were put in above the engines for more air.

Other equipment

The Boeing 720 did not have an APU, so it needed power from the ground to power the plane until the engines were started (the engines could make electricity for the plane).

The cockpit of a Boeing 720

History

An Ethiopian Airlines Boeing 720-060B at London Heathrow Airport, 1982

The first Boeing 720 was for United Airlines. It first flew on November 23, 1959. United Airlines first used the plane on July 5, 1960.[7] It flew from Los Angeles to Denver and then Chicago. American Airlines was the second airline to use the 720. The Boeing 720 was replaced by the Boeing 727 during the 1960s.[2]

The first 720 had its name changed to "The Starship". It was turned into a private plane used by rock bands. Led Zeppelin used it most, in the 1970s. A bar was put in, as well as beds, a shower, a lounge area, a TV and video cassette player.[16]

Honeywell used the last Boeing 720 in the United States. It flew from Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Honeywell used it for testing. Honeywell got rid of this plane on June 21 and 22, 2008.[17] Honeywell replaced their Boeing 720 with a Boeing 757.

Pratt & Whitney Canada used the last 720 until 2010. It was used to test new engines. Pratt & Whitney Canada it with a Boeing 747SP.[18] In May 2012, flown to the National Air Force Museum of Canada. It can now be seen there.[19]

Different types of Boeing 720

720
This was the first type of 720. It had Pratt & Whitney JT3C turbojet engines.
720B
This type had Pratt & Whitney JT3D turbofan engines. American Airlines changed its ten 720s to 720Bs.[8]

Users

Boeing 720-048 of Aer Lingus-Irish International in 1965

These airlines got new Boeing 720/720Bs:

 Colombia
  • Avianca got three 720Bs. Two were delivered in 1961, one was delivered in 1965.[20]
 Ethiopia
 Germany
  • Lufthansa got eight 720Bs. They were delivered in 1961–1962.[22]
 Ireland
 Israel
  • El Al got two 720Bs. They were delivered in 1962.[24]
 Pakistan
 United States

Accidents

The Boeing 720 has had 23 hull-loss accidents. It has been hijacked nine times. One plane was destroyed by a bomb in 1976. People died in 12 of the hull-loss accidents. 256 people have died on Boeing 720s.[34] The three worst accidents were:[34]

Planes in museums

  • 720-047B 18351 a former Republic of China Air Force VIP aircraft on display at Kangshan, Taiwan.[35]
  • 720-030B HK-749 on display at Museo de los Ninos, Bogota, Colombia in SAM Colombia livery.[36]

Details

Boeing 720
720 707-120B 707-320B
Cockpit crew Four (Pilot, Co-Pilot, Flight Engineer, Navigator)
Passengers 149 110 (2 class)
179 (1 class)		 147 (2 class)
189 (1 class)
Length 136 ft 2 in (41.25 m) 145 ft 1 in (44.07 m) 152 ft 11 in (46.61 m)
Wingspan 130 ft 10 in (39.90 m) 145 ft 9 in (44.42 m)
Weight when empty 103,145 lb (46,785 kg) 122,533 lb (55,580 kg) 146,400 lb (66,406 kg)
Cruising speed 540 kn / 621 mph (1000 km/h) 525 kn/604 mph (972 km/h)
Width 12 ft 4 in (3.76 m)
Engines (4 x) Pratt & Whitney JT3C-7:
12,000 lbf (53.3 kN) 		Pratt & Whitney JT3D-1:
17,000 lbf (75.6 kN) 		PW JT3D-3:
18,000 lbf (80 kN)
PW JT3D-7:
19,000 lbf (84.4 kN)

Sources: Boeing[2][37][38][39]

Aircraft related to this one

References

Notes
  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Angelucci, Enzo; Paolo Matricardi and Adriano Zannino. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Civil Aircraft: From Leonardo da Vinci to the Present, p. 346. Edison, New Jersey US: Chartwell Books, 2001. ISBN 0-7858-1389-6.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 "Boeing 720". Boeing Commercial Airplanes. Retrieved July 7, 2011.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Frawley, Gerald. "Boeing 720". The International Directory of Civil Aircraft, 2003/2004. Fishwick, Act: Aerospace Publications, 2003. ISBN 1-875671-58-7.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Donald, David, ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of World Aircraft. New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 1997. ISBN 0-7607-0592-5.
  5. ↑ Lombardi, Michael. "The first KC-135 rolled out 50 years ago this month." Historical Perspective, Start of a Proud Mission: Boeing Frontiers, July 2006. Retrieved: April 17, 2010.
  6. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 29.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Boeing 720. Boeing
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 "Boeing 720". Airliners.net. Retrieved January 10, 2012.
  9. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 30
  10. ↑ Proctor 2010, p. 120.
  11. ↑ "Boeing 707/720 Short History." Boeing. Retrieved: December 27, 2009.
  12. ↑ Proctor 2010, p. 119.
  13. ↑ Proctor 2010, p. 118.
  14. ↑ "The Boeing 720". Flight, August 19, 1960.
  15. ↑ The Ultimate Boeing 707 Guide Archived 2021-03-17 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved September 5, 2011.
  16. ↑ Film "The Song Remains The Same"
  17. ↑ "Resident Boeing 720B." visitingphx.com. Retrieved: December 27, 2009.
  18. ↑ Niles, Russ. "Last Boeing 720 Retired." Archived 2011-06-11 at the Wayback Machine avweb.com, October 5, 2010. Retrieved: October 26, 2010.
  19. ↑ nurun.com (2012-05-10). "Historic landing a success | Local | News | Trenton Trentonian". Trentonian.ca. Archived from the original on 2012-09-12. Retrieved 2013-03-27. {{cite web}}: More than one of |archivedate= and |archive-date= specified (help); More than one of |archiveurl= and |archive-url= specified (help)
  20. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 137.
  21. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 157.
  22. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 176.
  23. ↑ Pither 1998, pp. 116–117.
  24. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 156.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Pither 1998, pp. 186–187.
  26. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 133.
  27. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 142.
  28. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 151.
  29. ↑ Pither 1998, pp. 154–155.
  30. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 158.
  31. ↑ Pither 1998, pp. 183–184.
  32. ↑ Pither 1998, pp. 212–213.
  33. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 215-216.
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 "Aviation Safety Network > ASN Aviation Safety Database > Type index > ASN Aviation Safety Database results". Archived from the original on 2013-10-20. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
  35. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 311.
  36. ↑ Pither 1998, p. 308.
  37. ↑ "Boeing 720." Archived 2011-06-22 at the Wayback Machine Boeing, May 2011. Retrieved: December 27, 2009.
  38. ↑ "707 Airplane Characteristics: Airport Planning." Boeing, May 2011. Retrieved: September 21, 2012.
  39. ↑ "Boeing 707 Family." Boeing. Retrieved: December 27, 2009.
References
  • Francillon, René. Boeing 707: Pioneer Jetliner. Shrewsbury, Shropshire, UK: Motor Books International, 1999. ISBN 0-7603-0675-3
  • Pither, Tony (1998). The Boeing 707 720 and C-135. England: Air-Britain (Historians) Ltd. ISBN 0-85130-236-X.
  • Proctor, Jon (2001). Boeing 720. Miami, FL: World Transport Press. ISBN 1-892437-03-1.
  • Proctor, Jon; Mike Machat and Craig Kodera (2010). From Props to Jets: Commercial Aviation's Transition to the Jet Age 1952–1962. North Branch, MN: Specialty Press. ISBN 978-1-58007-146-8.

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