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Besançon Commune

Besançon Commune

Besançon-Battant, in 1860's.
DateApril – June 1871
Location
Besançon, France
Belligerents
France French Republic Communards
National Guards
Commanders and leaders

The Besançon Commune (in french Commune de Besançon) was a short-lived revolutionary movement conceived in 1871, aiming at the setting of a local autonomous power based on Lyon and Paris experiences.[1] It originates from sociological changes of the city[2] and creation of unions.[3][4][5][6][1] The Franco-Prussian War, the fall of the Second Empire, and the advent of the Third Republic, precipitate events.[7][1] While many notables report an insurrectional context[8] and an armed support from Switzerland,[9][10][1] correspondences of James Guillaume and Mikhail Bakunin[11][12] attest to a confrontation prepared between the end of May and the beginning of June 1871.[1] But with the start of a large repression on May 21 until June 7, any attempt was compromised.[1] Despite the hope of a restart, the months following the idea of an insurrection is definitively abandoned mostly with extinction of the groups and activities called anarchists in 1875.[1]

Notes

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 Michel Cordillot, La naissance du mouvement ouvrier à Besançon - la Première internationale 1869-1872, Besançon, Cahier d'Études comtoises, 1990, 83 pages (ISBN 2251604197).
  2. ↑ Bernard H. Moss, Aux origines du mouvement ouvrier français : le socialisme des ouvriers de métier, 1830-1914, Presses Universitaires de Franche-Comté, 1985, 236 pages.
  3. ↑ Oscar Testut, Association internationale des travailleurs, Vingtrinier, 1870, 327 pages.
  4. ↑ Alcan-Lévy, Les Mystères de l'Internationale, etc, British Library, 1871, 120 pages.
  5. ↑ Société des études pratiques d'économie sociale, Unions de la paix sociale, Société international de science sociale, Études sociales - volume 10, 1885, 580 pages.
  6. ↑ Séverin Robert on le Maitron.
  7. ↑ Jean Desfrane, Histoire d'une ville, Besançon : le temps retrouvé, Cêtre, 1990, 187 pages.
  8. ↑ Alexandre Estignard, La République et la guerre à Besançon. Par un patriote comtois, Imprimerie et Lithographie de J. Jacquin, 1872.
  9. ↑ Arthur Lehning, Michel Bakounine. Théorie et pratique du fédéralisme anti-étatique en 1870-1871.
  10. ↑ Fernand Rude, De la guerre à la Commune, Éditions Anthropos, 1972, 611 pages.
  11. ↑ Comité historique du centre-est, Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Université de Clermont-Ferrand I, Université des sciences sociales de Grenoble, Université de Lyon II, Université Jean Moulin, Université de Saint-Étienne, Centre universitaire de Savoie, Cahiers d'histoire - volumes 24 à 25, 1979.
  12. ↑ Arthur Lehning, Œuvres complètes de Bakounine: Michel Bakounine sur la guerre france-allemande et la révolution sociale en France 1870-1871, Éditions Champ Libre, 1979.

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