Armenians in Turkey (Turkish: Türkiye Ermenileri; Armenian: Հայերը Թուրքիայում, romanized: Hayery T’urk’iayum; "Turkish Armenians"), are ethnic Armenians living in Turkey.
They have an estimated population of 50,000 to 70,000,[1] down from a population of over 2 million Armenians between the years 1914 and 1921. Until the Armenian genocide of 1915, most of the Armenian population of Turkey lived in the eastern parts of the country that Armenians call Western Armenia. Today, the overwhelming majority of Turkish Armenians are concentrated in Istanbul.
The architects of the Dolmabahçe (for a long time administrative centre of the Ottoman Empire), Çırağan, Beylerbeyi and Küçüksu palaces on the European and Asian shores of the Bosphorus, Istanbul, which were requested to do by the Ottoman sultans Abdülmecid and Abdülaziz, were the Armenian Balyan family.
Of the 60,000 Christian Armenians living in Turkey, 45,000 live in Istanbul.[5] Today, in the Kumkapı quarter in Fatih, Istanbul, the various churches Armenian, Greek Orthodox and Syriac as well as the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey. In some ways, the quarter has even regained its reputation as an Armenian quarter. Yet, the majority of Armenians residing in Kumkapı today are immigrants from Armenia, while of the original Armenian population, only a few individuals still call Kumkapı their home.[6] The Armenian population in Turkey, which makes up the largest Christian community in the country, "resembles an iceberg melting in the sea" with its some 60,000 members, the newly elected Armenian Apostolic Patriarch of Istanbul has said.[7] At present, the Armenian community in Istanbul has 20 schools (including the Getronagan Armenian High School), 17 cultural and social organizations, three newspapers (Agos, Jamanak, Marmara), two sports clubs (Şişlispor, Taksimspor).
According to Mihran Prgiç Gültekin, the head of the Union of Dersim Armenians, around 75% of the population in villages of Dersim are "converted Armenians."[8][9] The greater part of hidden Armenians of Dersim, according Gultekin, is afraid that the nationalist regime may be back and may repress them. Currently over 200 families have announce their Armenian descent in Dersim, Gultekin said.[10] In April 2013, Aram Ateşyan, the acting Armenian Patriarch of Istanbul, stated maybe that 90% of Tunceli (Dersim)'s population is of Armenian origin.[11] In 2015, a group of citizens in Dersim (Tunceli) established the Dersim Armenians and Alevis Friendship Association (DERADOST). The opening ceremony of the association was attended by Hüseyin Tunç, then Deputy Mayor of Tunceli, Yusuf Cengiz, President of Tunceli Chamber of Commerce and Industry, representatives of non-governmental organisations and some citizens.[12][13] On the 100th anniversary of the Armenian Genocide, president of the association Serkan Sariataş said that the state should face its past history as soon as possible.[14] In 2015, 12 crypto-Armenians from Dersim baptized in Istanbul.[15] The districts of Mazgirt, Nazımiye and Çemişgezek had a large Armenian population during the Ottoman period. A large part of this population must have been deported out of Anatolia with the deportation order of 1915. It is likely that the remaining population migrated to Western Anatolia.[16] Through the 20th century, an many of Armenians living in the mountainous region of Dersim had converted to Alevism. During the Armenian genocide, many of the Armenians in the region were saved by their Kurdish neighbors.
In 2014, Armenians from Muş established an association. Daron Moush Armenians Solidarity Social Tourism Association made an official application after the formation of a board of seven members. The association, which started its activities in Muş and started accepting members, elected its president next week.[19] Speaking at the foundation ceremony of the Daron Muş Armenians Solidarity, Social and Tourism Association, board member Armen Galustyan said, "Regardless of religion, Armenianism is a race, a nation, just like the Turks, Kurds and Arabs. Armenianhood is not an enmity."[20][21]
Hatay
Vakıflı the only remaining Armenian village in Hatay.
Vakıflı, located in the Samandağ district of Hatay province of Turkey, is the only Armenian village in Turkey with a population of 100 people, all of whom are Armenians. The entire village population is Armenian.[22]
Rize
The Hemshin people, also known as Hemshinli or Hamshenis or Homshetsi,[23][24][25] are an numerically small group of Sunni Muslim Armenians who had been converted from Christianity in the beginning of the 18th century[26] who are affiliated with the Hemşin and Çamlıhemşin districts in the province of Rize, Turkey.[27][28][29][30] They are Armenian in origin, and were originally Christian and members of the Armenian Apostolic Church, but over the centuries evolved into a distinct ethnic group and converted to Sunni Islam after the conquest of the Ottomans of the region during the second half of the 15th century.[31]
Batman
Sason
An Armenian minority may still live in Sason (according to an estimate which was made in 1972, about 6,000 Armenian villagers were still living in the region).[32]
Culture
Language
Map of the Armenian dialects in early 20th century, Western Armenian in yellow.
Most Armenians in Turkey speak Turkish, not Armenian, and this rate rises to 92 percent among young people.[33] On 21 February 2009, International Mother Language Day, a new edition of the Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger was released by UNESCO in which the [Western] Armenian language in Turkey was defined as a definitely endangered language, Also, Hamsheni, a branch of Western Armenian, was classified separately language.[34][35] Some Muslim Hamshenis, influenced by the fact that the Homshetsi dialect of Armenian is preserved as the spoken language in their circles, accept the fact that they are of Armenian origin. However, Hamshenis in Rize have mostly forgotten their mother tongue and they speak Turkish.[36]
The Armenian-speaking population in Turkey according to censuses
Music culture especially developed among the Hamshenis. The first music album made by Homshetsi dialect is Vova, which consists of anonymous folk music.[38][39] The national Hamsheni instruments include tulum, şimşir kaval or the Hamshna-Zurna. Komitas, Rober Hatemo, Hayko Cepkin, Yaşar Kurt, Cem Karaca (half-Armenian), Udi Hrant Kenkulian can be given as an example to many Armenians working on Turkish and Armenian music.
Cinema and acting
In movie acting, special mention should be made of Vahi Öz who appeared in countless movies from the 1940s until the late 1960s, Sami Hazinses (real name Samuel Agop Uluçyan) who appeared in tens of Turkish movies from the 1950s until the 1990s and Nubar Terziyan who appeared in more than 400 movies. Movie actor and director Kenan Pars (real name Kirkor Cezveciyan) and theatre and film actress Irma Felekyan (aka Toto Karaca), who was mother of Cem Karaca.
Assimilation and Armenian place names
Although the Armenian place names in Turkey are mostly changed, some names are used officially today.
It estimated that 3,600 Armenian geographical locations have been changed and changed Armenian place names make up 8.8% of place names in Turkey.[41]
Some province, district and place names of Armenian origin
The name of Pokut plateau in Rize comes from Poğud, which means "grooved" in Armenian.
Rize
Ardeşen, from Armenian Ardaşén means "fieldvillage".
Hemşin, from Armenian Hamamaşén/Hamşén means "Hamam's village". Çamlıhemşin is a combination of the Turkish word Çamlı and the Armenian word.
Diyarbakır
Çermik, from Armenian Çermuk means "spa" .
Elâzığ
Keban, from Armenian Gaban means "passage".
Ağrı
Patnos, from Armenian Patnots maybe means "surrounded" or "fenced".
Muş
Varto, it was recorded in 1554 as Varto kavar, which means "Vart's district" in Armenian. Varto is probably related to the Armenian personal name Vartan.
Malazgirt, from Armenian Manavazagerd/Manazgerd means "Manavaz's fortress".
Şanlıurfa
Siverek, from Armenian Seraverag means "black ruins".
Tunceli
Pertek, from Armenian Pertag means "small castle".
Mazgirt, from Armenian Medzgerd means "great fortress".
Malatya
Arguvan, from Armenian Arkavan means "king's city/village".
Province names of Armenian origin
Erzincan, from Armenian Erizagan means "Belonging to Erez", "from Erez".
Bayburt, from Armenian Baberd, berd means "castle", but the structure of the compound is doubtful.
Demographics
On the eve of the World War I there were estimated between 1,500,000 and 2,000,000 Armenians in the Ottoman Empire[42][43] however, according to the 1914 Ottoman census, this figure is only 1,229,007, of which 1,161,169 "Armenians" and 67,838 "Armenian Catholics".[44] Estimates of the Armenian population in Turkey today range from 50,000 to 70,000,[1][5][2] but these number not include secret and Islamized Armenians, with population estimates ranging from 80,000 to 300,000.[45][1][5][2] In 1987, Suren Eremian on Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia says 180,000 Armenians live in Turkey with more than forcibly 1,000,000 "Muslimized" Armenians.[46] Keith David Watenpaugh says about this:
Two million contemporary Turks may have at least one Armenian grandparent, although the costs of revealing Armenian ancestry in public are potentially so high as to preclude the possibility of arriving at an accurate number.[47]
Armenian population in Ottoman Empire according to censuses
List of Armenians born or originating in Turkey and the Ottoman Empire
The persons on the list are classified into three separate categories:
Christian Armenian
Muslim Armenian
Hamsheni (also Muslim Armenians)
Politicians
Hagop Kazazian Pasha (1836–1891) Christian Armenian, minister of finance and privy treasury in Ottoman Empire
Gabriel Noradunkyan (1852–1936) Christian Armenian, minister of trade and foreign affairs in Ottoman Empire
Armen Garo (1872–1923) Christian Armenian, activist and politician, was leading member of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation for more than two decades
Mesut Yılmaz (1947–2020) Hamsheni, politician who served in ministerial positions such as the prime minister, minister of culture and tourism, the minister of state and deputy prime minister
Mekertich Portukalian (1848–1921) Christian Armenian, liberal politician, teacher and journalist founder of Armenakan Party
Garo Paylan (b. 1972) Christian Armenian, politician and member of parliament
Murat Karayalçın (b. 1943) Hamsheni, politician who served as minister of foreign affairs, deputy prime minister, mayor of Ankara and the founder of the SHP
Selina Özuzun Doğan (b. 1977) Christian Armenian, politician and member of parliament
Alper Taş (b. 1967) Hamsheni, socialist politician and former leader of Left Party
Markar Esayan (1969–2020) half Christian Armenian, politician and member of parliament
Krikor Zohrab (1861–1915) Christian Armenian, politician, influential writer and lawyer
Popular culture
Diran Kelekian (1862–1915) Christian Armenian, journalist and professor
Khachatur Malumian (1863–1915) Christian Armenian, journalist and political activist
Bîmen Dergazaryan (1873–1943) Christian Armenian, composer and lyricist
Komitas Vardapet (1869–1935) Christian Armenian, priest, musicologist, composer, arranger, singer and choirmaster who is considered the founder of the Armenian national school of music
Rupen Zartarian (1874–1915) Christian Armenian, writer, educator and political activist
Bedros Keresteciyan (1840–1909) Christian Armenian, journalist, translator, and writer of the first etymology dictionary of the Turkish language
Daniel Varoujan (1884–1915) Christian Armenian, notable poet
Yervant Odian (1869–1926) Christian Armenian, satirist, journalist and playwright
Krikor Torosian (1884–1915) Christian Armenian, satirical writer, journalist and publisher
Güllü Agop (1840–1902) Christian Armenian, actor, founder of modern Turkish theatre
Armen Dorian (1892–1915) Christian Armenian, poet, teacher and editor
Ruben Sevak (1886–1915) Christian Armenian, poet, prose-writer and doctor
Hagop Baronian (1843–1891) Christian Armenian, writer, playwright, journalist and educator
Rober Hatemo (b. 1974) Christian Armenian, singer
Özcan Alper (b. 1975) Hamsheni, director and screenwriter
Şahan Arzruni (b. 1943) Christian Armenian, pianist
Zahrad (1924–2007) Christian Armenian, promient poet
Hrant Dink (1954–2007) Christian Armenian, former editor of the weekly Agos
Ruhi Su (1912–1985) Muslim Armenian, opera singer, folk singer and saz virtuoso
Nubar Terziyan (1909–1994) Christian Armenian, promient actor
Adile Naşit (1930–1987) actress, partial Christian Armenian descent
Hayko Cepkin (b. 1978) Christian Armenian, musician
Ara Güler (1928–2018) Christian Armenian, journalist, photojournalist and writer
Aydoğan Topal (b. 1982) half Hamsheni, singer
Sami Hazinses (1925–2002) Christian Armenian, film actor, composer and lyricist
Cem Karaca (1945–2004) half Christian Armenian, rock musician
Kamer Sadık (1911–1986) Christian Armenian, cinema actor
Behçet Gülas (b. 1975) Hamsheni, musician and singer
Danyal Topatan (1916–1975) Christian Armenian, theater and television actor
Fedon (b. 1946) half Christian Armenian, singer, tavern music commentator
Jaklin Çarkçı (b. 1958) Christian Armenian, mezzo-soprano
Masis Aram Gözbek (b. 1987) Christian Armenian, conductor of Bosphorus Jazz Choir
Sevan Nişanyan (b. 1956) writer and linguist, an atheist but Christian Armenian origin
Kenan Pars (1920–2008) Christian Armenian, promient actor
Armenian fedayis and millitary leaders
Hampartsoum Boyadjian (1860–1915) Christian Armenian, Hunchakian fedayi
Arabo (1863–1893) Christian Armenian, Dashnak fedayi
Armenak Yekarian (1870–1926) Christian Armenian, Armenakan fedayi
Kevork Chavush (1870–1907) Christian Armenian, Dashnak fedayi
Sebastatsi Murad (1874—1918) Christian Armenian, Hunchakian fedayi
Andranik Ozanian (1865–1927) Christian Armenian, Dashnak fedayi, national hero
Other millitary
Cihan Alptekin (1947–1972) Hamsheni, militant, revolutionary, political activist who was leader of left-wing organisations such as People's Liberation Army of Turkey and Revolutionary Youth Federation of Turkey
Sarkis Torosyan (1891–1954) Christian Armenian, captain who awarded with a medal by Enver Pasha, however, later changed sides and joined the struggle against the Ottomans
Other
Daron Acemoglu (b. 1967) Christian Armenian, economist, winner of the 2005 John Bates Clark Medal
Calouste Gulbenkian (1869–1955) Christian Armenian, businessman and philanthropist who was born in Üsküdar, Istanbul
↑ 5.05.15.2"Foreign Ministry: 89,000 minorities live in Turkey". Today's Zaman. "The Foreign Ministry has prepared a report identifying the number of minorities living in Turkey and their houses of worship. According to the report, Turkey hosts 89,000 minorities, including 60,000 Armenians, 25,000 Jews and 3,000 to 4,000 Greeks. Containing detailed statistics about the minority groups in Turkey, the report reveals that 45,000 of approximately 60,000 Armenians reside in İstanbul."
↑"Managing the difficult balance between tourism and authenticity: Kumkapı". Hürriyet Daily News. "Today, the various churches Armenian, Greek Orthodox and Syriac as well as the Armenian Patriarchate of Turkey, which are situated in Kumkapı, immediately remind the visitor of this multi-ethnic past. In some ways, the quarter has even regained its reputation as an Armenian quarter. Yet, the majority of Armenians residing in Kumkapı today are immigrants from Armenia, while of the original Armenian population, only a few individuals still call Kumkapı their home."
↑"Armenian population of Turkey dwindling rapidly: Patriarch". Hürriyet Daily News. "The Armenian population in Turkey, which makes up the largest Christian community in the country, “resembles an iceberg melting in the sea” with its some 60,000 members, the newly elected Armenian Apostolic Patriarch of Istanbul has said."
↑"Mihran Gultekin: Dersim Armenians Re-Discovering Their Ancestral Roots". Massis Post. "75 percent of Dersim population is converted Armenians, founder of “Union of Dersim Armenians” Mihran Gultekin told reporters in Yerevan (Dersim is a region of eastern Turkey, which includes Tunceli Province, Elazig Province, and Bingöl Province)."
↑"Mihran Gultekin: Dersim Armenians Re-Discovering Their Ancestral Roots". Massis Post. "The greater part of hidden Armenians of Dersim, according Gultekin, is afraid that the nationalist regime may be back and may repress them. Currently over 200 families have announce their Armenian descent in Dersim, Gultekin said."
↑"Tunceli'nin yüzde 90'ı dönme Ermeni'dir". İnternet Haber. "Erkam Tufan, “Tunceli civarında çok fazla sayıda Kripto Ermeni olduğu söyleniyor bu doğru mudur?” şeklindeki sorusuna Ateşyan şu yanıtı verdi: [...] “Doğrudur Tunceli'nin yüzde 90'ı belki dönme Ermeni'dir. Neden derseniz 30 yaşlarında bir çocuk geldi bana ve ''benim köküm Ermeni'' dedi. ''Ben dönmek istiyorum'' dedi. Ben de ''ispatla dedim'' ispatlayamadı, kabul etmedim. Ama inatla gitti geldi, vazgeçmedi. Gitti, geldi rahatsız etti beni, daha sonra babası aradı. Beyefendi dedi ''ben belediye çalışıyorum emekli olayım bende İstanbul'a gelip döneceğim. Buradaki halkın yüzde 90'ı Ermeni'dir, lütfen kabul et'' dedi. Bende kabul ettim ders aldı, vaftiz oldu, kilisemizin üyesi oldu.”"
↑"Tunceli'de Ermeni ve Alevi dostluk derneği kurdu". Hürriyet. "Tunceli'de bir grup vatandaş, Dersimli Ermeniler ve Aleviler Dostluk Derneği (DERADOST) kurdu. Moğultay Mahallesi Ata Sokak’taki bir iş hanında kurulan derneğin açılışına Tunceli Belediye Başkan Yardımcısı Hüseyin Tunç, Tunceli Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası Başkanı Yusuf Cengiz, sivil toplum kuruluşu temsilcileri ile bazı vatandaşlar katıldı."
↑"Tunceli'de Ermeni ve Alevi Dostluk Derneği Kurdu". Haberler. "Tunceli'de bir grup vatandaş, Dersimli Ermeniler ve Aleviler Dostluk Derneği (DERADOST) kurdu. Moğultay Mahallesi Ata Sokak'taki bir iş hanında kurulan derneğin açılışına Tunceli Belediye Başkan Yardımcısı Hüseyin Tunç, Tunceli Ticaret ve Sanayi Odası Başkanı Yusuf Cengiz, sivil toplum kuruluşu temsilcileri ile bazı vatandaşlar katıldı."
↑"12 crypto-Armenians from Dersim baptized in Istanbul". Hürriyet Daily News. "Twelve Armenians from Dersim, an older name of the eastern Turkish province of Tunceli, were baptized in an Armenian church in Istanbul on May 9, daily Agos has reported."
↑Karpat (1985), p. 175, Ottoman Population, 1914 (continued).
↑Karpat (1985), p. 174, Ottoman Population, 1914 (continued).
↑"Muş Ermenileri derneklerine kavuştu". Agos. "Sasonlular, Sivaslılar, Malatyalılar ve Dersimlilerden sonra Muşlu Ermeniler de bir dernek kurdu. Daron Muş Ermenileri Dayanışma Sosyal Turizm Derneği, yedi kişilik yönetim kurulunun oluşmasının ardından resmi başvuruda bulundu. Muş’ta faaliyetlerine ve üye kabul etmeye başlayan dernek, önümüzdeki hafta başkanını seçecek."
↑"Muş'ta Ermeni derneği açıldı". Hürriyet. "Muş’ta Daron Muş Ermeniler Dayanışma, Sosyal ve Turizm Derneği’nin kuruluş töreninde konuşan yönetim kurulu üyesi Armen Galustyan, “Dini ne olursa olsun Ermenilik de Türk gibi, Kürt gibi, Arap gibi bir ırktır, bir millettir. Ermenilik bir düşmanlık değildir” dedi."
↑"Muş'ta Ermeni derneği açıldı". Haberler. "Muş’ta Daron Muş Ermeniler Dayanışma, Sosyal ve Turizm Derneği’nin kuruluş töreninde konuşan yönetim kurulu üyesi Armen Galustyan, “Dini ne olursa olsun Ermenilik de Türk gibi, Kürt gibi, Arap gibi bir ırktır, bir millettir. Ermenilik bir düşmanlık değildir” dedi."
↑"Türkiye'deki tek Ermeni köyü: Vakıflı". Ermeni Haber Ajansı. "Türkiye'nin Hatay ilinin Samandağ ilçesinde bulunan ve 160 kişilik nüfusunun tamamı Ermenilerden oluşan Vakıflı, Türkiye'deki tek Ermeni köyü. [...] Köyü, diğer köylerden ayıran nokta ise köy ahalisinin tamamının Ermenilerden oluşması."
↑"Turkologist Ruben Melkonyan publishes book “Review of Istanbul’s Armenian community history”". Panorama. "According to Melkonyan, Turkey’s Armenian community faces educational problem; the number of Armenian schools decreases year by year. This number has fallen from 47 to 16 with 3000 Armenian students. The expert said that only 18 percent of Armenian community speaks Armenian, the rest Armenians are Turkish-speaking. 92 percent young people is Turkish-speaking."
↑"UNESCO: Türkiye'de 15 Dil Tehlikede". Bianet. "Kesinlikle tehlikede olanlar: Abazaca, Hemşince, Lazca, Pontus Yunancası, Çingene dilleri (Atlasta yalnızca Romani bulunuyor), Süryanice'ye benzeyen Suret (atlasa göre Türkiye'de konuşan kalmadı; konuşanların çoğu göçle başka ülkelere gitti) ve Ermenice."
↑"Kimdir Bu Hemşinliler?". Bianet. "Söz konusu ilçelerdeki Hemşinlilerin bir bölümü, çevrelerinde konuşma dili olarak Ermenice’nin Hamşen lehçesinin korunuyor olmasından etkilenerek, Ermeni kökenli oldukları gerçeğini kabulleniyor. Bu kabullenişin kaynağında, Hopa ve Borçka ilçelerinde Hemşinliler arasında Marksist ve ateist fikirlerin yaygın olması, Türk İslam etkisine karşı yerel kültürünü savunma işlevi de gördüğünü düşünüyorum. [...] Hopalı Hemşinliler’den farklı olarak, ana dilini unutarak Türkçeyi benimseyen Rizeli Hemşinliler için durum tamamen farklı. Çünkü burada Türkleşmenin izleri çok daha derin."
↑"Damardan Hemşin Ezgileri: VOVA". NTV Türkçe. "Dünyadaki, tamamı anonim Hemşin ezgilerinden oluşan ve Hemşince söylenmiş ilk müzik albümü olan ‘Vova’da, Hikmet Akçiçek tarafından Hopa Hemşinlileri’nden derlenen Hemşince ve Türkçe söylenmiş 10 türkü; biri Hemşin horonu olmak üzere Karadeniz kavalı ile çalınmış 3 ezgiden oluşan toplam 13 eser yer alıyor. Albüm, bir Ada Müzik yapımı."
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Wixman, R. (2012). "K̲h̲ems̲h̲in". In P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. (ed.). Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Brill.{{cite encyclopedia}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list (link)
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Pour les articles homonymes, voir Crest. Centre de recherche en économie et statistiqueHistoireFondation 20152011CadreCode UMR9194Type LaboratoirePays FranceOrganisationDirecteur Arnak Dalalyan (d)Organisations mères Groupe des écoles nationales d'économie et statistiqueCentre national de la recherche scientifiqueSite web (en) crest.sciencemodifier - modifier le code - modifier Wikidata Le Centre de recherche en économie et statistique (CREST) est une unité mixte de recherch...
1942 Maine gubernatorial election ← 1940 September 14, 1942 1944 → Nominee Sumner Sewall George W. Lane, Jr. Party Republican Democratic Popular vote 118,047 58,558 Percentage 66.84% 33.16% County resultsSewall: 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Governor before election Sumner Sewall Republican Elected Governor Sumner Sewall Republican The 1942 Maine gubernatorial election too...
Concert tour by Mariah Carey The Adventures of MimiTour by Mariah CareyAssociated albumThe Emancipation of MimiStart dateJuly 22, 2006 (2006-07-22)End dateOctober 28, 2006 (2006-10-28)Legs3No. of shows40Box office$27.9 million (North American Leg 32 shows)Mariah Carey concert chronology Charmbracelet World Tour(2003–2004) The Adventures of Mimi(2006) Angels Advocate Tour(2009–2010) The Adventures of Mimi was a 2006 concert tour of arenas by American singer-so...
Pour le jeu, voir sogo. SOGo Informations Développé par Alinto Dernière version (27 septembre 2023) Dépôt github.com/Alinto/sogo Écrit en Objective-C Système d'exploitation Type Unix Environnement GNUstep, GNU/Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD et d'autres variantes du système Unix Langues Multilingue Type Groupware Licence GPL Site web https://sogo.nu/ modifier - modifier le code - voir Wikidata (aide) SOGo est un collecticiel (ou serveur collaboratif) libre dont l'architecture est axée sur l...
Hays Inlet from Clontarf, 2020 Hays Inlet is a saltwater inlet off Bramble Bay in the City of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia.[1] The Brisway map reference is 420 L19. A mangrove forest is found in the inlet.[2] Geography The slender inlet forms the shape of the south-western Redcliffe suburb of Clontarf and the suburbs of Mango Hill and Griffin. Hays Inlet turns into Saltwater Creek at Rothwell, carrying the city boundary along it. South of Hays Inlet is Pine River which ...
Thomas Hutchins Map of Henry Bouquet's 1764 Expedition Turtleheart (Turtle's Heart or Tortle's Heart, his unami name was Tahkoxitèh) was a Delaware (Lenape) principal warrior and chief who lived during the French and Indian Wars, and Pontiac's War. He and Lenape Chief Killbuck represented the Delaware Nation at the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1768. Early life and family Little is known about the exact date of his birth or death. Turtleheart was possibly the brother of Wolf Clan Chief Custaloga...
Form of advertising campaign or marketing strategy This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article is written like a personal reflection, personal essay, or argumentative essay that states a Wikipedia editor's personal feelings or presents an original argument about a topic. Please help improve it by rewriting it in an encyclopedic style. (November 2016) (Learn how and when ...
Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada November 2022. Hans RichterLahir(1919-01-12)12 Januari 1919Brandenburg, JermanMeninggal5 Oktober 2008(2008-10-05) (umur 89)Heppenheim, JermanPekerjaanPemeranTahun aktif1931–1992Suami/istriIngeborg Bieber (1945–2008; kematiannya)Anak2 Hans Richter (12 J...
Quintosole Stato Italia Regione Lombardia Provincia Milano Città Milano CircoscrizioneMunicipio 5 Altitudine104 m s.l.m. Nome abitantiquintesi PatronoSanta Maria Assunta QuintosoleQuintosole (Milano) Quintosole (Quint in dialetto milanese) è un quartiere di Milano, posta nell'area sud di Milano a ridosso del comune di Opera, appartenente al Municipio 5. Indice 1 Storia 2 Infrastrutture e trasporti 3 Note 4 Voci correlate 5 Altri progetti 6 Collegamenti esterni Storia Qui...
Species of mammal Iberian lynxTemporal range: Early Pleistocene[1] - Recent 1–0 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓ An Iberian lynx in Almuradiel, Ciudad Real, Spain Conservation status Vulnerable (IUCN 3.1)[2][3] CITES Appendix I (CITES)[2] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Carnivora Suborder: Feliformia Family: Felidae Subfamily: Felinae Genus: Lynx Species: L. p...
لمعانٍ أخرى، طالع طرابلس (توضيح). طرابلس طرابلس خريطة الموقع اللقب الفيحاء تقسيم إداري البلد لبنان[1][2] محافظة / قضاء محافظة الشمال / قضاء طرابلس المسؤولون رئيس بلدية رياض يمق [3] خصائص جغرافية إحداثيات 34°26′N 35°53′E / 34.43°N 35.89°E / 34.43; 35.89 ...
Latin letter C with hook This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ƈ – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2023) (Learn how and when to remove this message) Majuscule and minuscule ƈ Ƈ (minuscule: ƈ) is a letter of the Latin alphabet, derived from C with the addition of a hook. It is ...
Président de l'Inde(hi) भारत के राष्ट्रपतिBhāratīya Rāṣṭrapati(en) President of India Emblème de l'Inde. Titulaire actuelleDroupadi Murmudepuis le 25 juillet 2022(1 an, 11 mois et 8 jours) Création 26 janvier 1950 Mandant Parlement de l'Inde et assemblées législatives Durée du mandat 5 ans, renouvelable Premier titulaire Rajendra Prasad Résidence officielle Rashtrapati Bhavan (Colline de Raisina, New Delhi) Rémunération 500 ...
American actor (1882–1946) For his son, see Noah Beery Jr. Noah BeeryBeery in 1930BornNoah Nicholas Beery(1882-01-17)January 17, 1882Clay County, Missouri, U.S.DiedApril 1, 1946(1946-04-01) (aged 64)Beverly Hills, California, U.S.Resting placeForest Lawn Memorial Park, Hollywood Hills, CaliforniaOccupationActorYears active1898–1946Spouse Marguerite Lindsay (m. 1910)ChildrenNoah Beery Jr.RelativesWallace Beery (brother) Noah Nicholas Beery (...
Voce principale: Unione Sportiva Alessandria Calcio 1912. Alessandria Unione SportivaStagione 1932-1933Sport calcio Squadra Alessandria Allenatore Ferenc Molnár, poi Heinrich Bachmann Presidente Umberto Pugno Serie A13º posto Maggiori presenzeCampionato: Barale (34) Miglior marcatoreCampionato: Cattaneo (10) StadioCampo del Littorio 1931-1932 1933-1934 Si invita a seguire il modello di voce Questa pagina raccoglie le informazioni riguardanti l'Alessandria Unione Sportiva nelle competi...
Species of bird Black-backed grosbeak Conservation status Least Concern (IUCN 3.1)[1] Scientific classification Domain: Eukaryota Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Aves Order: Passeriformes Family: Cardinalidae Genus: Pheucticus Species: P. aureoventris Binomial name Pheucticus aureoventris(d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) Year-round Non-breeding The black-backed grosbeak (Pheucticus aureoventris) is a bird in the family Cardinalidae, the ca...
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