1736 (MDCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar and a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar, the 1736th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 736th year of the 2nd millennium, the 36th year of the 18th century, and the 7th year of the 1730s decade. As of the start of 1736, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.

• January 26 – Stanislaus I of Poland abdicates his throne
• February 12 – Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor weds Maria Theresa, mother of Marie Antoinette
• April 14 – Porteous Riots erupt in Edinburgh after execution of a smuggler Andrew Wilson when town guard captain John Porteous orders his men to fire at the crowd. Porteous is arrested later
• May 8 – Marriage of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha.
• May 26 – Battle of Ackia: British and Chickasaw Native Americans defeat French troops.
• September 7 – Edinburgh crowd drags John Porteous out of his cell in Tolbooth prison and lynches him
• A French expedition led by Pierre Louis Maupertuis is sent by King Louis XV to Lapland to measure the length of a degree of the meridian, and proves that the Earth is flattened at the poles
• Real Arissona, namesake of the U.S. state Arizona is founded in what is now that state.
• Isaac Newton Publishes his Method of Fluxions
• Thomas Bayes publishes a defense of Isaac Newton's calculus
• Leonhard Euler solves the mathematical problem known as the seven bridges of Königsberg

for more information, see Category:1736 births.

for more information, see Category:1736 deaths.