Šejh-ul-islam

Šejh-ul-islam (arapski: شَيْخُ الإسْلام - Čuvar vjere) je naziv za najvišeg autoriteta u hijerahiji islamskog svećenstva (uleme) u Osmanskom Carstvu. U hijerarhiji islamskog svećenstva, iznad njega se nalazio sultan koji je bio kalif islamskog svijeta.^[1]

Povijest naslova

Osmansko Carstvo nije imalo odvojenu vjersku od državne administracije, zbog čega je ova država predstavljala jedinstvo vjerskog i političkog djelovanja. Za razliku od prethodnih islamskih država, Osmansko Carstvo imalo je čvrsto izgrađenu hijerarhiju islamskog islamskog svećenstva (uleme). U toj hijerarhiju mogli su se identificirati islamski svećenici (imami, hatibi), profesori (muderisi), pravnici (kadije). Na čelu cjelokupne vjerske organizacije se nalazio šejh-ul-islam, koji je izvorno bio muftija Istanbula. Uspostavljanjem funkcija šejh-ul-islama prvi put u povijesti islama dolazi do odvajanja države i vjere. U početku to nije bilo tako izraženo, ali je to omogućilo daljnjoj podjeli koja se nastavila ne samo u političkom nego i u kulturnim, obrazovnim i drugim pravcima. Osmanski sultani su i dalje zadržavali funkciju kalifa zajedno s funkcijama državnosti i vojskovođe, dok je šejh-ul-islam imao pravo veta na sultanove odluke, ako su u suprotnosti s Kuranom i Hadisom.^[2]

Raspadom Osmanskog Carstva, zbacivanjem sultana, uspostavljenjem Republike Turske, a potom protjerivanjem i posljednjeg kalifa, došao je u pitanje i ured šejh-ul-islama. Ured šejh-ul-islama koji se zvao Mešihat je preimenovan u ministarstvo 1920. godine pod nazivom Ministarstvo Shar’iyya wa Awqaf, a potom je 1924. godine ponovo preimenovano u Upravu za vjerske poslove. Ta institucija pripala je Uredu premijera, koja se do dana današnjeg financira iz proračuna premijera u skladu sa zakonom 429. Republike Turske.^[3]

Reference

↑ Strauss, Johann (2010). „A Constitution for a Multilingual Empire: Translations of the Kanun-ı Esasi and Other Official Texts into Minority Languages”. u: Herzog, Christoph. The First Ottoman Experiment in Democracy. Wurzburg. str. 21-51. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2019-10-11. (info page on book Arhivirano 2019-09-20 na Wayback Machine-u at Martin Luther University) - Cited: p. 40 (PDF p. 42)
↑ „Da li vi muslimani uopće znate šta znači institucija reisu-l-uleme - Novi horizonti”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 22. rujna 2019.. Pristupljeno 22 September 2019.
↑ „Establishment And Historical Development”. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2006-05-05. Pristupljeno 22 September 2019.

Vanjske veze

Služba za vjerske poslove Republike Turske

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