Zakon ćutanja

Za istoimeni film sa Chuckom Norrisom, vidite članak Code of Silence.

Zakon ćutanja ili zakon šutnje, a ponekad i zid ćutanja, je naziv za skup običaja ili neformalnih normi na temelju kojih je pripadnicima određene društvene grupe (porodica, klan) ili organizacije (tajno udruženje, politička stranka, vojna jedinica) zabranjeno javnosti ili organima vlasti iznositi određena saznanja kojih se tiču njih samih ili drugih pripadnika iste grupe, bez obzira da li o tome postojala zakonska obaveza ili ne. To se prvenstveno odnosi na saznanja za koje se smatra da bi njihovo objavljivanje pripadnicima grupe ili grupi u cjelini moglo nanijeti određenu štetu.

Najčešće se kao primjer organizacija koje primjenjuju zakon ćutanja navode grupe organiziranog kriminala, a kao predmet zakona šutnje njihove protuzakonite odnosno ilegalne aktivnosti. Najpoznatiji takav primjer je omerta koju prakticiraju organizacije italijanske mafije, a koja je u mnoge suvremene rječnike ušla kao svojevrsni sinonim za zakon ćutanja. S druge strane, zakon ćutanja se može odnositi i na porodice, odnosno njihova nastojanja da radi izbjegavanja sramote zataje kompromitirajuća saznanja o nemoralnom ponašanju nekih svojih članova.

Fenomen sličan zakonu ćutanja u nekim slučajevima provode i državne institucije, ali ih na to, umjesto "neslužbenih" normi prisiljavaju pozitivni pravni propisi, koji se tiču bilo nacionalne ili javne bezbjednosti, bilo zaštite prava građana na privatnost. U tom se slučaju ne govori o zakonu ćutanja nego o službenoj tajni.

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