Teška voda

Teška voda
Identifikacija
CAS registarski broj 7789-20-0 DaY
PubChem[1][2] 24602
ChemSpider[3] 23004 DaY
UNII J65BV539M3 DaY
KEGG[4] D03703
ChEBI 41981
Jmol-3D slike Slika 1
Svojstva
Molekulska formula H2O
Molarna masa 18.02 g mol−1
Agregatno stanje Bledo plava, transparentna tečnost
Miris Bez mirisa
Gustina 1,107 g mL−1
Tačka topljenja

276.97

Tačka ključanja

101.4 °C, 375 K, 215 °F

Rastvorljivost u vodi Rastvorna
log P −1.38
Indeks prelamanja (nD) 1,328
Viskoznost 1,25 mPa s (na 20 °C)
Dipolni moment 1,87 D



Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na standardno stanje (25 °C, 100 kPa) materijala

Infobox references

Teška voda je prilično slobodan naziv koji se najčešće odnosi na deuterijum oksid, D2O ili 2H2O. Njene fizičke i hemijske osobine su veoma slične osobinama lake vode, H2O. Vodonični atomi u molekulu potiču od težeg izotopa, deuterijuma, čije atomsko jezgro pored jednog protona (koji čini atomsko jezgro lakog vodonika) sadrži i jedan neutron. Dodatni neutron udvostručuje masu jezgra što dovodi do relativno velikog izotopskog efekta što se ispoljava u promeni fizičkih i hemijskih osobina vode.

Uvek kada psotoji smeša izotopa vodonika nastaje poluteška voda, HDO, jer se između molekula vode u tečnosti odvija brza izmena vodonika pa se prvobitini, H2O i D2O vrlo brzo preobrate u HDO. Voda koja sadrži 50% H i 50% D u stvari sadrži 50 % HDO i po 25 % H2O i D2O, koji su u dinamičkoj ravnoteži.

Tešku vodu ne treba mešati sa tvrdom vodom ili tritrisanom vodom. (Tritrisana voda sadrži treći izotop vodonika tricijum.)

Upotreba

Nuklearna magnetna rezonancija

Deuterijum oksid se u nuklearnoj magnentnoj rezonanciji (NMR) koristi kada se snimaju protonski spektri u vodenom rastvoru. Protonski signal iz obične vode (rastvarača) višestruko nadmašuje signal iz uzorka. Deuterijum ima vrlo različitu rezonantnu frekvenciju pa stoga ne doprinosi signalu na rezonanciji vodonika (protona).

Moderator neutrona

U nekim tipovima nuklearnih reaktora teška voda se koristi kao moderator neutrona, medijum koji usprava neutrone koji tek pri malim brzimana mogu da reaguju sa jezgrima uranijuma u reaktoru. Obična (laka) voda takođe može da se koristi kao moderator, međutim, pošto laka voda takođe apsorbuje neutrone tada obogaćeni uranijum moa da se koristi kao gorivo.

Fizičke osobine (u poređenju sa lakom vodom)

Osobina D2O (Teška voda) H2O (Obična (laka) voda)
Tačka topljenja (°C) 3,82 0,0
Tačka ključanja (°C) 101,4 100,0
Gustina (na 20 °C, g/mL) 1,1056 0,9982
Temp. maksimalne gustine (°C) 11,6 4,0
Viskoznost (na 20 °C, u santipoazima) 1,25 1,005
Površinski napon (at 25 °C, dyn·cm) 71,93 71,97
Toplota topljenja (Kcal/mol) 1,515 1,436
Toplota isparavanja (cal/mol) 10,864 10,515
pH (na 25 °C) 7,41 7,00

Reference

  1. ↑ Li Q, Cheng T, Wang Y, Bryant SH (2010). „PubChem as a public resource for drug discovery.”. Drug Discov Today 15 (23-24): 1052-7. DOI:10.1016/j.drudis.2010.10.003. PMID 20970519.  edit
  2. ↑ Evan E. Bolton, Yanli Wang, Paul A. Thiessen, Stephen H. Bryant (2008). „Chapter 12 PubChem: Integrated Platform of Small Molecules and Biological Activities”. Annual Reports in Computational Chemistry 4: 217-241. DOI:10.1016/S1574-1400(08)00012-1. 
  3. ↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846.  edit
  4. ↑ Joanne Wixon, Douglas Kell (2000). „Website Review: The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes — KEGG”. Yeast 17 (1): 48–55. DOI:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0061(200004)17:1<48::AID-YEA2>3.0.CO;2-H. 

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