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	Svemir · Veliki prasak; Starost svemira; Kronologija Velikog praska...; Konačna sudbina Svemira
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	Inflacija svemira · Nukleosinteza; Kozmički gravitacijski valovi; Kozmičko mikrovalno zračenje
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	Oblikovanje strukture
	Oblik svemira; Formiranje strukture; Formiranje galaktike; Struktura velikih razmjera;
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	Lambda-CDM model; Tamna energija · Tamna tvar
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Ne treba izjednačavati sa Tamna materija.

U astronomiji je tamna energija naziv za vrstu nepoznate energije koja prožima ceo svemir i ubrzava njegovo širenje.^[1] Teorija tamne energije je najšire prihvaćena hipoteza kojom se objašnjavaja uočeno ubrzano širenje svemira. U okviru trenutno dominantne lambda CDM paradigme, a na osnovu prikupljenih podataka Plank letelice,^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] vidljivi deo svemira se sastoji od:

26.8% tamne materije
68.3% tamne energije
4.9% materije

Iako po toj teoriji tamna energija ima vrlu malu gustinu, 6.91 × 10⁻²⁷ kg/m³, ona je dominantna zbog svoje rasprostranjenosti po celom svemiru.^[6]

Dokazi postojanja

Supernove

U toku 1998. i 1999. godine su objavljena posmatranja supernovih ^[7]^[8] koja sugerišu da se širenje svemira ubrzava.^[9] Za ovo otkriće je 2011. godine astrofizičarima Saulu Perlmuteru, Brajanu Šmitu i Adamu G. Reisu dodeljena Nobelova nagrada za fiziku.^[10]^[11] Od tada su ovi nalazi potvrđeni iz više izvora. Merenja svemirskog mikrotalasnog pozadinskog zračenja, efekat gravitacionog sočiva, svemirska struktura velikih razmera, kao i poboljšana merenja supernovih su u skladu sa Lambda-CDM modelom .^[12]

Reference

↑ Peebles, P. J. E. and Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode 2003RvMP...75..559P. DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.
↑ Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-22). „Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9.”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (podneto). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529.
↑ Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-31). „Planck 2013 Results Papers”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (submitted). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-08-13. Pristupljeno 2015-06-28.
↑ „Prvi rezultati sa Planka: svemir je još uvek čudan i interesantan”.
↑ Sean Carroll, Ph.D., Cal Tech, 2007, The Teaching Company, Dark Matter, Dark Energy: The Dark Side of the Universe, Guidebook deo 2 strana 46, Pristupljeno 7. oktobra 2013.
↑ http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/dareng.html
↑ Adam G. Reis et al. (Supernova Search Team) (1998). „Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant”. Astronomical J. 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. Bibcode 1998AJ....116.1009R. DOI:10.1086/300499.
↑ Saul Perlimuter i drugi. (The Supernova Cosmology Project) (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae”. Astrophysical Journal 517 (2): 565–86. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. Bibcode 1999ApJ...517..565P. DOI:10.1086/307221.
↑ Prvi rad o pozitivnoj Lambda konstanti je Paal, G. i drugi (1992). „Inflation and compactification from galaxy redshifts?”. ApSS 191: 107–24. Bibcode 1992Ap&SS.191..107P. DOI:10.1007/BF00644200.
↑ „Nobelova nagrada za fiziku 2011”. Nobel fondacija. Pristupljeno 2011-10-04.
↑ The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. Perlmuter je dobio pola nagrade, a drugu polovinu su podelili Šmit i Reis.
↑ Spergel, D. N. et al. (WMAP collaboration) (March 2006). Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology.

Literatura

Gerhard Börner, Matthias Bartelmann: Astronomen entziffern das Buch der Schöpfung. in: Physik in unserer Zeit. Weinheim 33.2002,3, S.114–120. ISSN 0031-9252
Harald Lesch, Jörn Müller: Kosmologie für helle Köpfe – Die dunklen Seiten des Universums. Wilhelm Goldmann, München 2006. ISBN 3-442-15382-4
Welt der Wunder. Stuttgart 2008, 2, S.24.
Sidney C. Wolff, Tod R. Lauer: Observing dark energy. Astronomical Soc. of the Pacific conference series. Bd 339. San Francisco Calif. 2005. ISBN 1-58381-206-7
Luca Amendola, et al.: Dark energy - theory and observations. Cambridge Univ. Pr., Cambridge 2010, ISBN 978-0-521-51600-6.

Vanjske veze

Dark energy: how the paradigm shifted Physicsworld.com
Dennis Overbye (November 2006). „9 Billion-Year-Old 'Dark Energy' Reported”. The New York Times.
"Mysterious force's long presence" BBC News online (2006) More evidence for dark energy being the cosmological constant
"Astronomy Picture of the Day" one of the images of the Cosmic Microwave Background which confirmed the presence of dark energy and dark matter
SuperNova Legacy Survey home page The Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope Legacy Survey Supernova Program aims primarily at measuring the equation of state of Dark Energy. It is designed to precisely measure several hundred high-redshift supernovae.
"Report of the Dark Energy Task Force"
"HubbleSite.org – Dark Energy Website" Multimedia presentation explores the science of dark energy and Hubble's role in its discovery.
"Surveying the dark side"
"Dark energy and 3-manifold topology" Acta Physica Polonica 38 (2007), p. 3633–3639
The Dark Energy Survey
The Joint Dark Energy Mission Arhivirano 2010-09-28 na Wayback Machine-u
Harvard: Dark Energy Found Stifling Growth in Universe, primary source
April 2010 Smithsonian Magazine Article Arhivirano 2010-03-26 na Wayback Machine-u
HETDEX Dark energy experiment
Dark Energy FAQ Arhivirano 2013-08-19 na Wayback Machine-u
"The Hunt for Dark Energy" George FR Ellis, Peter Cameron and David Tong discuss the presence of dark energy in the Universe

April 2010 Smithsonian Magazine Article]

Euclid ESA Satellite, a mission to map the geometry of the dark universe

[peebles-1] Peebles, P. J. E. and Ratra, Bharat (2003). „The cosmological constant and dark energy”. Reviews of Modern Physics 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode 2003RvMP...75..559P. DOI:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.

[planck_overview-2] Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-22). „Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results – Table 9.”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (podneto). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529.

[planck_overview2-3] Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; i drugi (Planck Collaboration) (2013-03-31). „Planck 2013 Results Papers”. Astronomy and Astrophysics (submitted). arXiv:1303.5062. Bibcode 2014A&A...571A...1P. DOI:10.1051/0004-6361/201321529. Arhivirano iz originala na datum 2016-08-13. Pristupljeno 2015-06-28.

[wmap7parameters-4] „Prvi rezultati sa Planka: svemir je još uvek čudan i interesantan”.

[DarkMatter-5] Sean Carroll, Ph.D., Cal Tech, 2007, The Teaching Company, Dark Matter, Dark Energy: The Dark Side of the Universe, Guidebook deo 2 strana 46, Pristupljeno 7. oktobra 2013.

[6] ttp://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/astro/dareng.html

[riess-7] Adam G. Reis et al. (Supernova Search Team) (1998). „Observational evidence from supernovae for an accelerating universe and a cosmological constant”. Astronomical J. 116 (3): 1009–38. arXiv:astro-ph/9805201. Bibcode 1998AJ....116.1009R. DOI:10.1086/300499.

[perlmutter-8] Saul Perlimuter i drugi. (The Supernova Cosmology Project) (1999). „Measurements of Omega and Lambda from 42 high redshift supernovae”. Astrophysical Journal 517 (2): 565–86. arXiv:astro-ph/9812133. Bibcode 1999ApJ...517..565P. DOI:10.1086/307221.

[paalhorvathlukacs-9] Prvi rad o pozitivnoj Lambda konstanti je Paal, G. i drugi (1992). „Inflation and compactification from galaxy redshifts?”. ApSS 191: 107–24. Bibcode 1992Ap&SS.191..107P. DOI:10.1007/BF00644200.

[N11-10] „Nobelova nagrada za fiziku 2011”. Nobel fondacija. Pristupljeno 2011-10-04.

[11] The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. Perlmuter je dobio pola nagrade, a drugu polovinu su podelili Šmit i Reis.

[wmap-12] Spergel, D. N. et al. (WMAP collaboration) (March 2006). Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) three year results: implications for cosmology.

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Tamna energija

Dokazi postojanja

Supernove

Reference

Literatura

Vanjske veze