Srebro hlorid

Srebro hlorid
IUPAC ime
Drugi nazivi kerargirit
hlorargirit
Identifikacija
CAS registarski broj 7783-90-6 DaY
ChemSpider[1] 22967 DaY
UNII MWB0804EO7 DaY
ChEBI 30341
RTECS registarski broj toksičnosti VW3563000
Jmol-3D slike Slika 1
Svojstva
Molekulska formula AgCl
Molarna masa 143.32 g mol−1
Agregatno stanje beli prah
Gustina 5.56 g cm−3
Tačka topljenja

455 °C, 728 K, 851 °F

Tačka ključanja

1547 °C, 1820 K, 2817 °F

Rastvorljivost u vodi 520 μg/100 g na 50 °C
Rastvorljivost nerastvoran u alkoholu, razblaženoj kiselini
rastvoran u amonijaku, koncentrovanoj sumpornoj kiselini, baznom cijanidu, NH4CO3, KBr, natrijum tiosulfatu
Indeks prelamanja (nD) 2.071
Struktura
Kristalna rešetka/struktura halit
Termohemija
Standardna entalpija stvaranja jedinjenja ΔfHo298 −127,01 kJ mol−1
Standardna molarna entropija So298 96,25 J mol−1 K−1
Opasnost
Podaci o bezbednosti prilikom rukovanja (MSDS) Salt Lake Metals
NFPA 704
0
2
0
 
Srodna jedinjenja
Drugi anjoni srebro(I) fluorid, srebro bromid, srebro jodid

 DaY (šta je ovo?)   (verifikuj)

Ukoliko nije drugačije napomenuto, podaci se odnose na standardno stanje (25 °C, 100 kPa) materijala

Infobox references

Srebro hlorid je hemijsko jedinjenje sa hemijskom formulom AgCl. Ova bela kristalna materije je dobro poznata po njenog niskoj rastvorljivosti u vodi (ovo ponašanje podseća na hloride Tl+ i Pb2+). Nakon osvetljavanja ili zagrevanja, srebro hlorid se pretvara u srebro (i hlor), što je označeno sivkastim ili ljubičastim obojenjem uzorka. AgCl se prirodno javlja kao mineral kerargirit.

Priprema

Srebro hlorid se obično sintetiše kombinovanjem vodenog rastvora srebro nitrata i natrijum hlorida.[2][3]

AgNO3(aq) + NaCl(aq) → AgCl(s) + NaNO3(aq)

Struktura i reakcije

Kristali srebro hlorida

Čvrsto srebro hlorid poprima fcc NaCl strukturu, u kojoj je svaki Ag+ jon okružen sa oktaedrom od šest hloridnih liganda. AgF i AgBr formiraju slične kristale.[4] Međutim, tip kristala zavisi od uslova kristalizacije, primarno koncentracije slobodnih jona srebra, kao što je prikazano na slici (sivi i metalični kristali su posledica prisustva delimično redukovanog srebra). AgCl se rastvara u rastvorima koji sadrže ligande, kao što su hlorid, cijanid, trifenilfosfin, tiosulfat, tiocokanat o amonijak. Srebro hlorid reaguje sa tim ligandima na sledeći način:

AgCl(s) + Cl−(aq) → AgCl2−(aq)
AgCl(s) + 2S2O32−(aq) → [Ag(S2O3)2]3−(aq) + Cl−(aq)
AgCl(s) + 2NH3(aq) → [Ag(NH3)2]+(aq) + Cl−(aq)

Većina kompleksa izvedenih iz AgCl su dvo-, tri-, i, u retkim slučajevima, četiri - koordinatni.

Reference

  1. ↑ Hettne KM, Williams AJ, van Mulligen EM, Kleinjans J, Tkachenko V, Kors JA. (2010). „Automatic vs. manual curation of a multi-source chemical dictionary: the impact on text mining”. J Cheminform 2 (1): 3. DOI:10.1186/1758-2946-2-3. PMID 20331846.  edit
  2. ↑ Housecroft C. E., Sharpe A. G. (2008). Inorganic Chemistry (3rd izd.). Prentice Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-175553-6. 
  3. ↑ Parkes, G.D. & Phil, D. (1973). Melorova moderna neorganska hemija. Beograd: Naučna knjiga. 
  4. ↑ Wells, A.F. (1984) Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0-19-855370-6.

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